00:01
Next up, we shall talk about
Kaposi’s sarcoma.
00:05
Now, Kaposi’s sarcoma,
you may automatically think
about HIV when you hear
that diagnosis.
00:10
But it turns out there's a couple of
different causes for this one.
00:13
It is angioproliferative malignant tumor
arising from vascular endothelium.
00:19
It is very commonly associated with HIV
and human herpes virus 8.
00:25
But there are actually four different sub-types
that give rise to this condition.
00:29
The first one is epidemic sub-type
which is the AIDS-associated one
that we're very familiar with.
00:34
That was one of the
harbingers of HIV AIDS
during the AIDS epidemic
in the United States in the 80s.
00:42
But it turns out there are
some other causes as well.
00:44
There's iatrogenic and this is a variety
that we still sometimes see today
in patients who are on
immunosuppressive medications
and perhaps transplant patients.
00:54
You have to keep an eye out
for these types of lesions in those patients.
00:58
There's an endemic variety,
which is endemic to indigenous Africans
and is generally only seen
in those areas.
01:07
Then a classic version,
which interestingly enough
is one of the least
common varieties
but it was referred to as
classic Kaposi’s sarcoma
before it became associated with
the HIV AIDS epidemic
and it’s seen in older,
white men.
01:21
You can see the lesions
depicted here.
01:23
They're violaceous and colored.
01:25
They can be flat
but they may also be papular.
01:28
You'll see them in a
variety of locations.
01:30
You're not looking for them
in skin-exposed areas.
01:32
It's also important to remember
that they can have mucosal involvement.
01:36
It's strongly linked
to the CD4 count.
01:38
The lower your CD4 count,
the more likely these lesions are to emerge.
01:43
I've described the features
of the lesions themselves
commonly associated
with the legs
though you may see them on the face,
the oral mucosa and genitalia.
01:53
Importantly, you may have
some visceral involvement
particularly of the GI tract
with this condition as well.
02:00
Either way, that doesn't really fit in
with our patient as well.
02:03
We're not getting any of those risk factors
in the patient's history.
02:08
I think we can safely take that
fairly rare cancer off of our list.