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00:01 Welcome to pharmacology by Lecturio. Today's topic is pharmacodynamics. 00:06 We are going to evaluate and see how drugs move through the body in pharmacodynamics. 00:12 Let's go over a couple of definitions. Excretion is the physical removal of drug from the body. 00:19 So for example, we're excreting drug into the urine, or into the bile, or exhaling inhalational drugs. 00:27 Elimination is a biochemical process without actual removal. So, eliminating a drug means that the drug may still be in the body, but you've rendered it somehow different through a biochemical process. 00:40 A receptor is a specific protein on or in the cell that binds to the drug to effect the change. 00:48 And effectors are molecules that effect a change as a result of the receptor and drug binding together. 00:55 So, a receptor binds to the drug, and effector molecule goes and does the job of the drug. 01:02 Affinity refers to the strength of the bond between a drug and receptor. 01:08 And selectivity refers to the proportion of or a preference of a receptor has for a particular drug. 01:15 It's usually compared to another similar kind of receptor, for example, we may have selectivity for the alpha 1 receptor versus the alpha 2 receptor, and the selectivity ratio may be 1000:1. 01:28 Specificity refers to the amount of preference a receptor has for a particular drug. 01:35 So, it's usually thought of as a comparator to another drug. So for example, one drug might be more specific to a receptor than a second drug. 01:47 Agonism refers to the ability to activate the mechanisms to cause an effect. 01:53 And antagonism is the ability to inhibit the mechanism to cause a biologic effect. 01:59 Efficacy refers to the maximum effect of a drug at its highest tolerated dose. 02:05 Well, potency is a measurement of the amount of drug needed to cause an effect. 02:10 So, a drug may have a high efficacy but a low potency.
About the Lecture
The lecture Introduction and Definitions of Pharmacodynamics – Pharmacodynamics by Pravin Shukle, MD is from the course Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics.
Included Quiz Questions
You are the star pharmacologist at Gargantua Pharmaceuticals. You have discovered a compound that allows people to increase taste sensation. You decide that a short acting compound that is specific to salt receptors would enhance the taste of soup. You do not want it to affect the taste of dessert. The drug is added to the appetizer. You design the compound to have:
- High selectivity, low affinity.
- High selectivity, high affinity.
- Low selectivity, high affinity.
- Low selectivity, low affinity.
A selective drug is:
- one that is more attracted to one type of receptor over another.
- one that is more powerfully attracted to a receptor compared to another drug.
A drug with high potency and low efficacy:
- requires little drug to exert its maximal effect, but does not cause much biological effect.
- requires more drug to exert its maximal effect, but does not cause much biological effect.
- Is very active biologically, at low doses.
- requires more drug to exert its maximal effect, but causes a very active biological effect.
Author of lecture Introduction and Definitions of Pharmacodynamics – Pharmacodynamics
Pravin Shukle, MD
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5 STARS TO DR SHUKLE Because 1. He speaks clear American English. 2. Lectures are very visual, concise and substantial. 3. He behaves and dresses very professionally. 5. You learn a lot in little time with quizzes between lectures. 6. It's so much fun and easy.