00:01
Now you may not have known this, but cancer
is a genetic diseases, it's actual changes in the DNA.
00:07
Now there's three different reasons that
probably we can see those changes in DNA
but I want you to have that in mind.
00:13
There's a genetic risk for certain cancers.
00:16
so knowing someone's family history can be very helpful
in recognizing the risk for developing certain cancers.
00:22
So changes in DNA can result from
well, you inherit it from your parents.
00:26
Now sometimes in your own DNA cell division,
there becomes an error in that copying of the DNA
or you might have been exposed to something.
00:35
So cancer can be a genetic disease,
you can inherit it from your parents.
00:39
There might be something that was enduring the
replication process, there's a problem in the DNA
or you might have been exposed
to something in your environment.
00:48
Think of something as simple as
being exposed to cigarette smoke
whether you were the smoker or it was secondary
smoke that put you at increased risk for lung cancer.
00:57
Now there's three main types of
genes that experience DNA changes.
01:03
Okay, so I want you to understand this concept so
let's not look at the words that are in the brackets,
just go with three main types of
genes that experience DNA changes.
01:13
Okay now, these three genes are involved in
normal cell growth division and programmed death.
01:18
Because remember cells follow the rules, they
grow uniformly, they grow in an orderly manner
and then when they're time is done,
they die, that's how it's supposed to work.
01:29
Cancer cells don't follow any of those rules,
remember they don't have normal cell growth,
they don't divide appropriately, they
don't keep their roles and their functions,
and they don't die like they are supposed to.
01:40
So let's take a look at the three main types
of genes that experienced DNA changes.
01:45
Proto-oncogenes, those guys are good.
01:48
Think of them like the protagonist, but sadly they
can become oncogenes when they have DNA changes.
01:54
The other two are tumor suppressor
genes and DNA repair genes.
01:59
Now you can see how this would be, these are
good guys but when they experience DNA changes,
they really turn to the dark side.
02:06
So proto-oncogenes are genes that can read to unregulated
cell growth and reproduction if their DNA is damaged.
02:15
When a proto-oncogene which is a good guy, a
protagonist has DNA damage, it becomes an oncogene
and that is a damaged proto-oncogenes.
02:26
So that's a bad deal.
02:28
Think of like cancer as the oncology unit.
02:32
So when a proto-, protagonist -oncogene
becomes an oncogene, now it's a cancer cell.
02:38
So you want to be familiar with that term knowing
that proto-oncogene: good like a protagonist,
oncogenes: bad because nobody
wants cancer cells in their body.
02:49
And I remember that by thinking about
oncology unit, I know to be the cancer unit.
02:54
So we look at these three main types
of genes that experience DNA changes.
02:58
Proto-oncogenes - protagonists becomes
oncogenes - bad guys, that's like oncology.
03:05
Tumor suppressor genes and DNA
repair genes, the first top 3, right?
Those are the ones that are good guys until
proto-oncogenes become the bad guys, cancer cells.