Ebola Outbreak Control in Recent Outbreaks (Nord-Kivu/Ituri Outbreak, 2018)

Name: Ebola Outbreak Control in Recent Outbreaks (Nord-Kivu/Ituri Outbreak, 2018)
Uploaded: 2025-05-20
Duration: 8 min 35 s
Description: The lecture Ebola Outbreak Control in Recent Outbreaks (Nord-Kivu/Ituri Outbreak, 2018) by Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum, MD, PhD is from the course Ebola.

by Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum, MD, PhD

Ask Questions

Take Notes

Download Slides

Report Mistake

Comments

show all Show less

My Notes

show all

Learning Material 2

PDF

Slides Ebola Outbreak Control in Recent Outbreaks Nord-Kivu Ituri Outbreak 2018.pdf
PDF

Download Lecture Overview

show all

Report mistake

Transcript

00:00 To control Ebola outbreak traditionally. During the period of 1976 to 2017, we use only the simple public health control measures such as patient isolation, contact tracing, safe, safe and dignified burials. Training of healthcare workers. To wear gloves and PPE and also community engagement as t he cornerstone of any control activities. All our outbreaks were contained within 3 to 4 months. With less than 400 cases. However, this strategy did not work with the Ebola outbreaks in West Africa. That was the biggest outbreak and also in DRC during the outbreak of 2018 -2019. It is why we introduced innovative approaches with new tools for Ebola virus disease outbreak. This was the vaccine to limit the spread of Ebola virus disease and experimental therapeutics to minimize the number of deaths. At that time, we developed monoclonal antibodies from a kikwit Ebola survivor of B lymphocyte. So this is the technique we use to develop monoclonal antibodies we call Mab114. The 10th outbreak in DRC, it was in North-kivu, was the opportunity to assess the efficacy and the safety of our monoclonal antibodies. So the largest Ebola virus outbreak in DRC occurred in 2018. This was the first major outbreak in eastern DRC urban areas. The outbreak was declared in August the 1st. So at the same the same year we had the first outbreak in in Bikoro, Bikoro health zone. And later on we have the the biggest outbreak in North Kivu, South Kivu and Ituri region in the eastern part of the country. In total, we have three more than 3000 Ebola cases and 2 or 2000 deaths. The control of this outbreak was challenging because of the presence of active armed conflict in urban areas of Beni and Butembo, with complex epidemic containment challenges. The second challenge was the mobility of the population across conflict zone and borders. The third challenge was low adherence to outbreak control measures due to community mistrust. So we take the opportunity of these outbreak to implement our innovative technologies to improve outbreak response, including clinical trial diagnostic tools, therapeutics and vaccine. We conducted a randomized clinical trial comparing two monoclonal antibodies, Regeneron and Mab114 and one antiviral, remdesivir, to a control group that received ZMapp, also a monoclonal antibodies. And it was shown that the incidence of mortality was lower among patients treated with Regeneron and our molecule monoclonal antibodies, MaB114. Then the incidence of mortality among patients treated with remdesivir and ZMapp. It is why our molecule, monoclonal antibodies 114 and Regeneron were approved by FDA as specific treatment of Ebola in adults and in children. This is t he first treated patient. The two girls you see there with MAb114, North-kivu in 2018. In conclusion, monoclonal antibodies 114 and a Regeneron treatment increases survival of Ebola patients. Both monoclonal antibodies 114 and Regeneron were approved by FDA as the treatment for adults and children. So this was the first randomized controlled trial in DRC. And the program we call PALM protocol. It means in Swahili together let's save life. The second innovation was the use of Ebola vaccines. The first vaccine was the rVSV-ZEBOV-GP Ebola vaccine that produced by Merck Company. And the vaccination strategy was the ring vaccination under expanded access. We call also compassionate use protocol. And the targeted population was the contact and contact of the contact health care workers and front line workers. The rVSV vaccine show high efficacy in terms of both preventing infection and altering the clinical course of those few vaccinated who develop infection. But the problem was the worst logistics, because for this vaccine, we need a cold chain with -80°C. And the second vaccine is Ad26.ZEBOV,MVA-BN-Filo Ebola vaccine produced by Johnson and Johnson Pharmaceutical. This vaccine was used for mass vaccination in general population. So, Ebola is now a disease we can treat and also we can prevent with a vaccine.

About the Lecture

The lecture Ebola Outbreak Control in Recent Outbreaks (Nord-Kivu/Ituri Outbreak, 2018) by Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum, MD, PhD is from the course Ebola.

Included Quiz Questions

What key difference distinguished traditional Ebola outbreak control (1976-2017) from innovative approaches used in recent outbreaks?

Traditional methods relied solely on public health measures like isolation and contact tracing, while innovative approaches added vaccines and experimental therapeutics
Traditional methods used mass vaccination campaigns, while innovative approaches focused on targeted ring vaccination only
Traditional methods emphasized community engagement, while innovative approaches relied primarily on military containment
Traditional methods required international intervention, while innovative approaches used only local resources
Traditional methods involved experimental drugs, while innovative approaches used only proven medications

What were the three main challenges that made the 2018-2019 North Kivu Ebola outbreak particularly difficult to control?

Active armed conflict in urban areas, population mobility across conflict zones and borders, and low adherence due to community mistrust
Lack of available vaccines, insufficient healthcare workers, and limited international funding
Seasonal flooding, inadequate laboratory facilities, and competing disease outbreaks
Remote geographic location, language barriers, and absence of communication networks
Political instability, economic sanctions, and restricted access to medical supplies

What did the PALM clinical trial demonstrate about monoclonal antibody treatments for Ebola?

mAb114 and Regeneron showed lower mortality rates compared to remdesivir and ZMapp, leading to their FDA approval
All four treatments showed identical effectiveness with no significant differences in outcomes
ZMapp remained the most effective treatment with the lowest mortality rates
Remdesivir was superior to all monoclonal antibody treatments for adult patients
Combination therapy was always more effective than single monoclonal antibody treatment

What are the two main vaccination approaches used during recent Ebola outbreaks and their target populations?

Ring vaccination with rVSV-ZEBOV vaccine for contacts and healthcare workers, and mass vaccination with Johnson & Johnson vaccine for general population
Prophylactic vaccination for all residents and post-exposure vaccination for confirmed contacts only
Live attenuated vaccine for healthy adults and inactivated vaccine for immunocompromised individuals
Single-dose vaccine for emergency response and multi-dose vaccine for long-term protection
Intramuscular vaccine for urban populations and oral vaccine for rural communities

Author of lecture Ebola Outbreak Control in Recent Outbreaks (Nord-Kivu/Ituri Outbreak, 2018)

Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum, MD, PhD

Customer reviews

(1)
5,0 of 5 stars

5 Stars		5
4 Stars		0
3 Stars		0
2 Stars		0
1 Star		0

Playlist

Show Playlist

Hide Playlist