Ebola: Etiology and Epidemiology

Name: Ebola: Etiology and Epidemiology
Uploaded: 2025-05-20
Duration: 5 min 55 s
Description: The lecture Ebola: Etiology and Epidemiology by Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum, MD, PhD is from the course Ebola.

by Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum, MD, PhD

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00:00 I want to share with you my experience on Ebola, on the management of Ebola outbreak in in Africa, in my country, DRC and the neighbor country, neighboring country like Gabon and Congo Brazzaville. So we speak about epidemiology, transmission and clinical presentation. So, , the Ebola virus, the Ebola is caused by, Ebola virus. Ebola virus belongs to the Filoviridae, family. And, , in this, in this family, we have two important genus, it is Ortho-ebola virus and Ortho-marburgvirus. In the first coln, we have the previous name of the virus. And in the second coln we have the new names, and in the third coln we'll give the name of the virus. So we have the name of the virus. We have Bombali virus, the Bundibugyo virus, the Reston virus, the Sudan virus, the Tai forest virus and the Ebola virus. Ebola virus is the Ebola Zaire virus. So in the abbreviation we have above for Ebola virus Zaire. So for the ecology and the transmission of the virus, we think that fruit bats are the potential reservoir of of the virus. The virus persists in fruit bats. This is only our we think that it's like this, but we have no scientific proof for that. So, , for the ecology, we know that, but it's a fruit and contaminate it. Then the monkeys eats the same fruit and gets infected. So the infected bats come into direct or indirect contact with other animals and transmit the virus. In the second aspect is that, the virus is transmitted between the wild animals. So we have large epizootics. In primates or other animals in the forest, like antelope can be infected by contact, direct or indirect contact with other animals. So the primary infection in hans we call that spillover. It's like an accident. Patients are infected through handling infected sick or dead animals found in the forest, mostly during hunting activities. After that, we have the han to han transmission. So the secondary han to han transmission can occur through direct contact with the blood, fluid, organs or other body fluids of infected people. And also their risk is higher. After taking care of a pair of patients or when handling the the the bodies of deceased patients, sometimes we have the persistence of the virus. Persistence of Ebola virus in body fluids of survivors poses risk of sexual transmission. So the risk factor for han is to be in contact with the reservoir or the vectors of the virus, but we don't know what is the reservoir or the vector of the virus. So this vector will infect non-han monkeys or will infect the bats, and by handling the bushmeat or directly from the bats, the infection can be transmitted from person to person, and the infection is amplified when the patient comes to the hospital with a poor hygiene and low standard of sanitation. For example, hospitals with no running water, gloves, PPE or disinfectant. Another place of amplification is the community during traditional funeral ceremonies, and then the disease will be transmitted from person to person.

About the Lecture

The lecture Ebola: Etiology and Epidemiology by Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum, MD, PhD is from the course Ebola.

Included Quiz Questions

Which family does the Ebola virus belong to, and what other important genus shares this classification?

Filoviridae family, which also contains the Marburg virus genus
Flaviviridae family, which also contains the Dengue virus genus
Orthomyxoviridae family, which also contains the Influenza virus genus
Paramyxoviridae family, which also contains the Measles virus genus
Rhabdoviridae family, which also contains the Rabies virus genus

What are the two main settings where Ebola virus transmission becomes amplified in human populations?

Healthcare facilities with poor infection control and traditional funeral ceremonies
Agricultural markets and crowded transportation systems
Schools and workplace cafeterias
Swimming pools and recreational water facilities
Air conditioning systems and enclosed buildings

How does the suspected primary transmission of Ebola virus occur from animals to humans?

Through handling infected sick or dead animals found in the forest, mostly during hunting activities
Through mosquito bites from infected vectors in tropical regions
Through consumption of contaminated water sources near animal habitats
Through inhalation of airborne particles in cave environments
Through direct skin contact with animal feces in agricultural areas

Author of lecture Ebola: Etiology and Epidemiology

Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum, MD, PhD

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