Ebola: Clinical Manifestations

00:01 <b>Let us start now about Ebola presentation and Ebola</b> <b>treatment. First, we see the pathogenicity of Ebola species.</b> <b>So, we have African variant of Ebola.</b> <b>We have Ebola Zaire and Ebola Sudan, Ebola Tai and Ebola Bundibugyo.</b> <b>So Ebola Zaire is the most pathogenic species that can kill 70 to 90% to 88% of infected</b> <b>human and 100% of monkey infected.</b> <b>That was the cause in the outbreak of yambuku,</b> <b>kikwit, mayibout and so on.</b> <b>Ebola Sudan is less pathogenic, with 50 to 69% of fatality in humans and</b> <b>60% in monkeys. Tai forest is less pathogenic for humans and very high pathogen for</b> <b>monkeys and the Asian variant.</b> <b>It is an Ebola reston, is not, cannot infect human,</b> <b>but very highly pathogenic for monkeys.</b> <b>And clinical signs and symptoms of Ebola Zaire.</b> <b>So the period of incubation is between 5 and 21 days and between days one and day six,</b> <b>the infected person will come with fever, extreme fatigue,</b> <b>myalgia, arthralgia, headache, conjunctival injection.</b> <b>Conjunctival injection is very important to observe when you are in during the outbreak</b> <b>of Ebola. And sometimes you have a slight improvement between day seven and eight.</b> <b>So the patient will find good even will ask to eat like is an improvement of its</b> <b>situation. And between days nine and 11, so we can observe the hemorrhagic sign like</b> <b>epistaxis , hematemisis , melena, gingival hemorrhage and metrorrhagia</b> <b>hemorrhage . And the final stage is a cardiovascular shock with death.</b> <b>The infectivity are increased with the evolution of the disease.</b> <b>As I said, that will start with fever, severe headache,</b> <b>myalgia, extreme fatigue, conjunctival infection.</b> <b>Then we have severe sore throat, chest and abdominal pain,</b> <b>skin rash, diarrhea, vomiting.</b> <b>And we have a hemorrhage, hiccups, somnolence and coma.</b> <b>And so the case fatality rate between 25% and 90%.</b> <b>So as I said incubation period is two between 2 and 21 days.</b> <b>We, at the beginning, we have no specific signs.</b> <b>But with the evolution of the disease, with the appearance of hemorrhage.</b> <b>So you can say that it is, it is likely viral hemorrhagic fever,</b> <b>Ebola, Ebola. And also the case fatality rate is high.</b> <b>Otherwise you confuse with, a common disease like malaria or typhoid</b> <b>fever. So, also, when I saw for the first time if,</b> <b>if you remove, your needle at, at the puncture site,</b> <b>the bleeding continues at the place of puncture.</b> <b>This means that there is a trouble of coagulation factors.</b> <b>This is very important to understand the pathogenicity of,</b> <b>of Ebola hemorrhagic fever.</b> <b>And also abortion is frequent in infected, pregnant women.</b> <b>this is a case I saw in Kikwit and also, the mouth,</b> <b>the mouth bleeding is frequent in Ebola and Marburg virus.</b> <b>It is Hematemesis. No, it is no, it is bloody diarrhea by an</b> <b>infected individual. And the agitation in a Ebola patient in Kikwit,</b> <b>this is, the neuropsychiatric manifestation of Ebola.</b> <b>So, the here I'm giving you the symptoms of Ebola in</b> <b>Bundibugyo. Bundibugyo species is less pathogenic compared to Ebola Zaire.</b> <b>So you have fever. Fever is the most important symptom in 83%,</b> <b>followed by fatigue and d iarrhea and and so on and so on.</b> <b>So this these signs are not specific for Ebola.</b> <b>We with this sign, you can say that it is malaria or it is,</b> <b>typhoid fever. This is the most frequent, disease in Africa.</b>