00:01 The next important structure in our cells is the ribosomes. 00:06 And the ribosomes are important because this is where we synthesize all of our proteins. 00:12 So the process of translation occurs at the ribosomes. 00:18 The ribosomes is actually made up of two subunits of ribosomal RNA with some proteins also mixed in together. 00:26 And together those two units thread through mRNA on one side and out on the other side, you get proteins. 00:35 So switching gears, the endoplasmic reticulum is first of several organelles that we will discuss today. 00:43 The endoplasmic reticulum is going to be located just off of the nucleus and extend into the cytoplasm of the cell. 00:52 There are two different types of endoplasmic reticulum. 00:55 The rough endoplasmic reticulum also known as the rough ER and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum also known as the smooth ER. 01:04 These two both have very different functions where the rough endoplasmic reticulum is gonna be responsible for modifying proteins that are being translated on their surface. 01:18 whereas the smooth ER is responsible for the production of different lipids as well as steroid hormones. 01:25 The smooth ER is also important for detoxification which is why liver cells have an extensive network of Smooth ER. 01:39 Extending from the ER, the next major organelle is going to be the golgi complex or the golgi apparatus. 01:48 the golgi apparatus is actually directional where the part of the Golgi that is closest to the nucleus is referred to as the cis-golgi and the part that is further away from the nucleus is referred to as the trans-golgi. 02:05 Transport vesicles containing proteins leaving the ER are transported to the cis side of the golgi where they are further processed in the cell. 02:17 I like to think of the golgi as kind of like a 'FedEx' in our cell and the reason why is beacuse a lot of sorting and packaging occurs in this organelle. 02:27 Specifically things come in, they are modified or tagged with a certain zip code and then told where to go next. 02:37 If something is destined to be secreted from the cell, it will always go through the golgi first and then from there, be taken to the plasma membrane. 02:48 And they can also be taken to other parts of the cell and other organelles as well. 02:55 So all these together, give us our endomembrane system. 03:00 The endomembrance system starts with the nucleus which we will discuss shortly, and after that goes to the ER followed by the golgi and then to the plasma membrane. 03:12 And so something that is synthesized at the ER can eventually be secreted out of the cell through this transport system involving these membrane-bound organelles and the transport vesicles between them. 03:30 So other organelles that are part of the endomembrane system but are not necessarily in that pathway toward the outside of the cell, are things like lysosomes. 03:41 So lysosomes are derived from the golgi apparatus but these contain digestive enzymes and it's is actually very similar to our stomach. 03:51 And what this does is it breaks down large particles and molecules into smaller things that can then be used by the cell. 03:59 So in a way, the lysosome is like the stomach of our cells.
The lecture Cell Organelles: Endomembrane System (Nursing) by Jasmine Clark is from the course Cell Structure of the Human Body – Physiology (Nursing).
What is the primary function of cilia and flagella?
Which cellular structure is primarily responsible for breaking down large particles and molecules?
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