Carcinoma and Sarcoma – Types of Cancer (Nursing)

00:00 So let's look at the categories of cancer.

00:04 You're gonna see these words in healthcare, you'll hear people talk about them, you'll see them in patient's histories, so I wanna talk about the categories of cancer where we use these certain types of cells were they begin.

00:16 Examples are carcinoma, sarcoma, leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, melanoma and brain and spinal cord.

00:25 Now before we go on, take a minute and think, have you ever heard these words before? Put a star by the ones that seem familiar to you.

00:39 So let's take a look at carcinoma.

00:41 We're gonna start with this one because it's the most common form of cancer and it comes from the epithelial cells.

00:48 Now before we go on, I recommend that you pause the video for just a minute go back in your notes and look at the example we use with epithelial cells.

00:58 Make sure you walk through that again, see if the steps are clear to you.

01:02 It will really be helpful before we go on to the next slide.

01:11 Hey, welcome back.

01:13 I hope you took the time to do that because even if you're feeling pressed for time, you got a test coming up or you've got a big thing going on.

01:21 Taking the time to pause and reflect and go back over information will really help you grasp the next concepts even faster.

01:32 So there's four different types of epithelial cells.

01:36 Okay, so you understanding these different types of carcinomas is important because it will help you feel like you understand where the treatment plan is coming from with your patients.

01:46 so since this will be most likely the type of cancer you will see often in your practice, I want you to know what these terms mean.

01:54 Adenocarcinoma is when the epithelial cells that produce fluids or mucus.

02:00 So we know carcinomas begin in the different epithelial cell types.

02:05 Adenocarcinoma starts from the epithelial cells that produce fluids or mucus.

02:11 Okay so there's the first one.

02:13 Why this matters is because most of the breast, colon and prostate cancers you see are adenocarcinomas.

02:22 Now those are very common forms of cancer, so you're gonna sadly see a lot of adenocarcinomas.

02:30 Even if you're not going to work on an oncology unit, you're gonna see these patients in different areas of the hospital.

02:39 Second one is basal cell carcinoma.

02:42 Now these are epithelial cells in the basal layer of the epidermis.

02:46 The third one is squamous cell carcinoma, those are the epithelial cells just beneath the outer surface of the skin.

02:54 And the fourth one, transitional cell carcinoma.

02:58 Those are the transitional epithelium cells.

03:01 Okay, let's go back through this one more time because this is what you're going to see so much of in your practice.

03:08 We know that carcinomas start in four different epithelial cell types.

03:13 So underline those as we go through.

03:16 Adenocarcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma.

03:23 You've got those in your notes.

03:25 It's really important to look at that adenocarcinoma and try to link in your brain - breast, colon and prostate.

03:31 Okay, so now you've been introduced to the adenocarcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and transitional cell carcinoma.

03:40 Why do I keep saying those words to you? Because repetition is what helps really lock that information in your brain.

03:48 So if you're saying, "uggh, why does she keep saying that?" I love it, that makes me happy as an educator.

03:54 Because the more often you hear some things, it makes it easier for your brain to encode and retrieve that information when you need it.

04:03 Let's talk about sarcomas.

04:06 Now I remember sarcomas because they're formed in soft tissue and bone.

04:11 So sarcomas are soft tissue and bone We're talking about the muscle, fat, blood vessels and lymph vessels, okay.

04:19 So sarcoma, "s" is in soft tissue and bone.

04:25 So these are, you got some fibrous tissues in your tendons and your ligaments and as often the most common cancer of the bone is osteosarcoma.

04:34 So sarcomas - soft tissue in bone.

04:37 So you have these fibrous tissues in the tendons and ligaments too but the most common cancer of bone is osteosarcoma.

04:45 So when you hear somebody talking about a patient having osteosarcoma, you know that that's where it came from.

04:51 So it's one of the cancers that's formed from the bone in soft tissues.

04:55 This is an extremely painful type of cancer.

04:59 Anytime cancer is in the bone, pain is a is a huge problem to manage for your patients.

05:04 So the most common types of soft tissue sarcomas: leiomyosarcomas, Kaposi sarcoma, liposarcomas and look at this one, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.

05:19 Good luck with that one, that would be one that is really difficult to say.

05:24 So we talked about the most common bone cancer, we talked about osteosarcoma but we talked about soft-tissue sarcomas, we've given you five examples including that really difficult mouth tongue twister on the right.