00:02
So let's look a little
bit closer at that femur
from an anterior point of view.
00:08
Again,
we have the head of the femur,
the round part or the ball
of the ball and socket joint
at the hip joint
followed by the neck.
00:17
Then we had these two large
bumps the greater trochanter
and a slightly smaller,
lesser trochanter.
00:25
And then we have
a patellar surface.
00:27
Patellar refers to the knee
specifically the kneecap
or the floating bone
that exists there.
00:34
We're going to zoom in at
the distal end of the femur now,
and we're going to find
some similar terminology
that we saw in
the distal humerus.
00:42
We have these
bumps on the sides,
both medially and
laterally called epicondyles.
00:48
And here we can see
they sit upon the condyle.
00:51
That's what epicondyle means.
00:53
We have a medial condyle
and a lateral condyle,
these two round bumps.
01:01
Now let's start by going
through the compartments
and that will describe
the muscles of the thigh.
01:08
In general,
the anterior compartment of the thigh
is going to cause knee
extension and will be
innervated by something
called the femoral nerve.
01:19
The first thing we're going to
talk about is the rectus femoris.
01:24
Now rectus femoris,
if you'll notice,
proximately actually
crosses over the hip.
01:29
So in addition to having
the action at the knee,
it's also going
to be a hip flexor.
01:36
And if we remove it to
look deep beyond that,
we'll see a vastus intermedius.
01:44
Medially,
we'll see a vastus medialis
and laterally,
a vastus lateralis.
01:50
So we've just named
four muscles here.
01:53
And this is how we get the
name quadriceps for quads.
01:59
And they all come down to
this quadriceps femoris tendon.
02:05
And of course,
down here is where
we have the patella,
a free floating bone.
02:10
And when we have
free floating bones living
within a tendon,
we call those sesamoid bones.
02:16
And it provides a great
deal of added strength,
that's going to have
a patellar ligament
that's going to go on and
attached to the bones of the leg.
02:28
If we switch over to
the medial compartment,
these are going to be our
adductors for the most part,
and be innervated by something
called the obturator nerve.
02:39
And they're going to
say a lot in their names.
02:41
So we have the adductor
minimus and adductor magnus.
02:49
There's actually a
little opening here
that we're going
to talk about later.
02:51
that's pretty important landmark
called the adductor hiatus.
02:55
So there's a
little gap in there.
02:57
And that's because something's
going to pass through there.
03:01
We also have adductor longus,
and we also have pectineus.
03:06
Fortunately,
doesn't have adductor in its name,
but it's still part of the medial
compartment of the thigh.
03:12
We have our adductor brevis.
03:15
And we have a long slender one
very graceful one
called the gracilis.
03:22
We'll swing around to look at the
posterior compartment of the thigh now.
03:26
And these generally
flex the knee
except for those
that crossed the hip,
and then those can deal
with hip extension as well.
03:34
And this is where
that large sciatic nerve
is going to come into play.
03:40
We have the semitendinosus
and semimembranosus
more medially.
03:46
More laterally,
we have biceps femoris or femoris,
and it has a long
head and a short head.
03:53
And we say biceps
femoris because we said
biceps brachii when
we're talking about the arm.
03:59
But very similar,
just in this case,
it's on the femur
instead of the brachium.
04:06
And the long head,
as we mentioned is something
that's going to cross
over and have action
beyond just the knee joint,
but also act on the hip joint.