00:00
Let's kick this off with question 1.
Which of the following conclusions
about verse is most defensible?
Based on the information in the passage, the
word that jumps up to me here is "most."
We're looking for an answer that may not be perfect but
is backed up by more evidence than the other ones.
00:20
C and D aren’t really discussed. Prose uses no "high-key"
language
for C or for D, verse is a more important art form in prose.
00:35
That leaves us between A and B. Verse does not persuade
through logic,
A and B, verse must be accompanied by music to be fully
understood.
00:45
I think we need a citation to distinguish between these two.
Let's move over to the passage.
00:51
The citation I used is "As music ever introduces emotion
which is indeed her proper and only means of persuading,
so the natural language of
verse will be keyed higher.
01:03
So, the "natural language of verse" is intricately
tied to music per the arguments of the passage.
01:12
And music persuades through emotion.
So I think the most defensible,
the most reasonable conclusion we could drop is that
verse does not persuade through logic answer choice A.
01:25
Question 2 drills down into a
similar portion of the passage.
01:30
Which of the following statements most accurately describes
the
relationship between music and emotion as explained by the
author?
Let me maybe start by drawing out how the author
distinguishes verse from prose in the passage.
01:44
We traced out that difference to music
which verse never quite forgets.
01:50
Music ever introduces emotion into verse and then
that emotion becomes a point of "persuading."
Once we understand this framework, we have a pretty
direct understanding that the answer choice D,
music introduces emotion into verse
would be the correct answer selection.
02:09
Question 3 states "What could be said about individuals who
believed Calliope was more of a scribe than a musician?"
As we saw from the passage,
Calliope is the Muse of the Epic.
02:25
An epic is an example of verse and therefore we can view
Calliope as kind of a stand-in for the discussion of verse.
02:34
Our question can then be brought down to "What do
these individuals in the question feel about verse?"
So for that, you
need a few quotes.
02:45
So we take these statues of the muse from the Vatican, noble
but
no early date and Calliope is holding a stylus and a tablet.
02:55
So in other words, verse is not intricately type of music,
it's strictly something that is a written discipline.
03:04
Then, we have yet the earlier Calliope
states through the voice of Homer
"For what purpose does the poet wish for a thousand tongues
but to sing?
For what purpose of thousand hands, but to pluck the wires?"
So the earlier Calliope
ties verse more to music.
03:24
So, those who believed that Calliope
was more of a scribe than a musician
accept more of the Vatican view of Calliope
than those who accept the Homer version.
03:37
This aligns best to answer choice C, these
individuals might be more reluctant to see music
as the defining feature of verse because they
view Calliope as holding that stylus and tablet.
03:48
Question 4 then states "How does the author assess
Coleridge's hypothesis about the origins of meter?"
We got a number of great quotes concerning Coledrige
but the ones I want to focus on are right here.
04:03
But in any rate, on the principle that
the 2 hypotheses each in itself adequate
we should choose the simpler, I suggest we
should do better with our own than Coleridge's,
which has the further disadvantage of being
scarcely amenable to positive evidence.
04:19
As we look to the answer selections, is
Coleridge simply incorrect? Is he inadequate?
Is he more complex than the author's thesis or is it
essentially the same but in a more philosophical fashion?
We need to look at what's
highlighted first here.
04:36
This is known as Occam's razor, where given two competing hypotheses
of equal merit, the simpler of the two should be accepted.
04:45
And that aligns best to answer selection C
that the author is simply saying Coleridge's
hypothesis is more complex and for
that reason alone minus superior."
Question 5 states "The author consistently presents a
particular type
of evidence in support of his argument about the nature of
verse.
05:06
Which of the following pieces of evidence is
least consistent with that type of evidence?"
We actually pointed out this type of
evidence as we walk through the passage
so take a moment to see if you can recall how
the author like to poster his points of view.
05:20
Okay? So, what we saw is that the author
likes to cite well-known historical examples
where this maybe gets a little
confusing is the word least here.
05:31
So we're looking for all the answer selections that will
have
historical examples, they will choose the one that maybe
doesn't.
05:39
We look through B, C, and D, we cite ancient Athens, we cite
Homer's
Iliad, D cites Homer's Odyssey whereas A simply cites
Writing and Rhythm.
05:51
That's a book that quite frankly no one's heard about, but
the
author is being enlisted and to read the whole answer choice
here
according to Writing and Rhythm verse results from divine
inspiration while prose is a distinctly human endeavour.
06:05
That would maybe suggest that the author was bolstering his
viewpoints by contrasting divine inspiration with human
endeavour.
06:12
Something that we don't see
throughout the passage.
06:14
So we can safely select answer choice A as being least
consistent with how the author posted his points of view.
06:21
Lastly for this passage, question 6 states "In the
final paragraph, the author points out a challenge
concerning evidence with Coleridge's
hypothesis about verse.
06:31
Which of the following pieces of evidence will
be most likely to address that challenge?
For these types of questions, it is good to read the answer
selections first before
going through our own logic because they're necessary before
we start that process.
06:44
Answer selection A states a poem by
Sappho about her creative process.
06:48
Answer choice B states a vase painting
showing an audience charmed by a poet.
06:53
Answer choice C states a book of
lyric poetry predating Homer.
06:57
And answer choice D states a
critical essay praising the muses.
07:02
I think we also need a good quote here.
So let's jump over to the passage.
07:07
As Coleridge states, and first for the origin of meter,
this I would trace to the balance in the mind effected
by that spontaneous effort which strives
to hold and check the workings of passion.
07:18
And then further the author states that Coleridge's
hypothesis has
the disadvantage of being scarcely amenable to positive
evidence.
07:26
Therefore, we want to look for the answer selection that
Coleridge's hypothesis can't be evaluated by positive
evidence.
07:34
Since Coleridge talks about Sappho, a poet whose works are
notably famous
in ancient Greece but kind of lost in terms of their
recorded form,
if somehow we were able to recover it for answer selection
A, a poem by her about how she created her work
then there actually would be positive evidence
to evaluate 4 origins to Coleridge's hypothesis.
07:59
So we would choose answer
selection A for question 6.