Pathology Question Set 1

A 29-years-old woman presented with a two-hour history of sudden onset of severe mid- epigastric pain that radiates to back and profuse vomiting. The pain was not relieved by any of the antacid therapy, which she tried at home. There was no previous history of abdominal pain. She consumed 3-4 units of alcohol occasionally. On examination, she was distressed with pain. Her blood pressure was 80/40 mmHg and heart rate of 105 beats/min. Lung examination reveals few crackles at both lung bases. Abdominal examination reveals diffuse tenderness in the whole abdomen, marked guarding, rigidity and reduced bowel sounds. Chest X-ray was normal. An abdominal CT scan reveals the peritoneal fluid collection and decreased attenuation and diffused enlargement of the pancreas. Her laboratory findings include serum AST of 63 IU/L; Alkaline phosphatase of 204 IU/L; ALT of 32 IU/L; Amylase 200 IU/L; Lipase 400 IU/L and Calcium 2 mmol/L. Which of the following cellular changes is most probable to accompany these findings?

In a clinical research study, characteristics of neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells are analyzed in culture. It is observed that the cell division of neoplastic cells, but not in non-neoplastic cells, is helped by the presence of an enzyme which repairs progressive chromosomal shortening. Due to the lack of chromosomal shortening, the neoplastic cells divide more rapidly than the non-neoplastic cells. Which of the following enzymes is most probably involved in the mechanism mentioned above?

A 48-years-old man was brought to the emergency department with a stab wound to the chest. The wound was treated in the emergency room. Three months later he has developed a firm, 4 x 3 cm nodular mass with intact overlying epithelium at the site of the wound. On local examination, the scar was firm, non-tender, and with no erythema. The mass was excised and microscopically examined, where it shows fibroblast with plentiful collagen. Which of the following processes is most likely related to the series of event, mentioned above?

In a clinical research study, the microscopic analysis of tissues obtained from surgical procedures is performed. Some of these tissues have the microscopic appearance of an increased cell size of multiple cells within the tissue, with an increase in the amount of cytoplasm, but nuclei remain uniform in size. Which of the following is most probably associated with the findings mentioned above?