00:00
Okay, next take a look
at universal emotion.
00:03
Now this is the premise that
across the globe,
across the world, universally we
have six common emotions.
00:13
So these are fear, anger,
disgust, sadness, happiness
and surprise.
00:19
So Darwin, Charles Darwin had
made, he had proposed that this
is actually driven behind
biological drivers.
00:29
Meaning that this isn't
a culturally specific thing.
00:33
This is something that is
universally consistent.
00:36
So he proposed that this
is driven by natural selection
and has a universal cross
cultural expression.
00:43
So doesn't matter if you
are here in Germany,
if you are there in Canada,
or if you are over there
in India,
there's going to be a consistent
expression of these 6 emotions.
00:54
Now this isn't to say that you
are going to have,
you are not going to have other
emotions as well.
00:58
But these 6 remain consistent.
01:00
So this is actually been
validated and supported by what
we say pre-literate cultures.
01:06
Meaning before things were
actually documented in this
consistent fashion.
01:09
It looked at things like cave
drawings or other paintings,
allegories and stories
of emotion.
01:16
And these ones would
always come up.
01:18
So these are the 6 major
universal emotions.
01:21
And these are the ones that
you should be familiar with.
01:26
We're going to talk about
how emotion can change.
01:31
And to discuss that,
we're going to look
at Yerkes-Dodson's law.
01:34
So Yerkes-Dodson's law states
that the relationship between
performance and emotional
arousal is a U-shaped
correlation.
01:41
So let me break that
down for you in English.
01:43
So what we're saying is, emotion
can actually impact how well
and how poor you do on
a specific task.
01:50
And it's going to do
so in a U-shaped curve.
01:53
So we are going to walk
through that curve.
01:54
And we'll break
down each component.
01:57
Ok, so now let's walk
through this curve.
01:59
Let's take an example
where you have low arousal.
02:02
You just got out of your bed.
02:04
It's dead quiet.
02:05
It's dark in your room.
02:07
And you're really
not doing anything.
02:09
At that point there
is no arousal.
02:11
And whatever task you doing
like, trying to say for example,
study or do a task, your
performance is going to be quite
weak.
02:19
Now let's look at the other
end of the spectrum.
02:21
High, at this point let's
think, you just got up of bed.
02:26
But you got up because
a fire alarm went off.
02:28
And your mother is
screaming at you.
02:30
And may be there's a small fire
happening in the rear corner of
your bedroom.
02:34
You're highly aroused right now.
02:36
Because there's a lot going on.
02:37
There's a lot of stimulus.
02:39
You kind of freaking out, right.
02:40
So now you're thinking,
if somebody said to you,
I need you to answer these
5 questions on this MCAT exam.
02:46
How are you going to do?
Not very well.
02:48
You're thinking, "Oh my god!
my bedroom is on fire."
Why is my mother yelling at me.
02:52
And why is that
fire not going off.
02:54
You are not going
to do well at all.
02:56
So again in terms of performance
you are going to be on the weak
side of things.
03:00
Now let's find
somewhere in the middle.
03:02
You just got up.
03:04
You had a shower.
03:05
Your desk is clean.
03:06
You have a little bit
of chill music
happening in the background.
03:09
Your desk is perfectly setup.
03:11
You have a coffee there.
03:12
And you have a picture on
the wall of the medical school
that you want to go to.
03:17
You are highly
aroused looking at it.
03:19
And you're thinking
I'm ready for this.
03:22
Let's do this.
03:22
And you sit down on your desk.
03:24
And you're task is to
study for the MCAT.
03:27
Now how well you
are going to do.
03:28
You are going to do quite well.
03:30
You're aroused at
that right amount.
03:32
And that will impact
your performance.
03:34
And so if you look at things,
U-shaped curve that is
the point on the curve where
you be at your highest.
03:39
Your optimal arousal equals
optimal performance.
03:42
Now this is a very
individual process.
03:44
So for some people music
is too much arousal.
03:47
Or not enough music
is not enough arousal.
03:50
So it's very much individual.
03:52
So whatever it takes is for you
to find that sweet spot,
is an individual experience
and it's something you had
to figure out.
04:01
Okay, now let's take a look
at another scenario.
04:05
And this is when how we're
looking at emotion can actually
have some survival impact.
04:11
So think of a scenario, you are
going down to your car in dark
garage.
04:17
And you have your keys in hand.
04:19
And you are approaching your
car and you hear footsteps.
04:21
And you start to do what.
04:25
Typically, you're like,
"Is this person following
me?"
"Should I pull up my gun?"
Or it's just an old lady
who's walking very slow.
04:32
You don't know.
04:33
So at this point emotion
kicks in.
04:35
And this gives you
a very useful tool.
04:37
And if you think of evolutionary
speaking, this is a survival
reflex that kicks in.
04:41
And this is helping you plan
yourself for quick decisions.
04:44
And do I need to turn around
and Kung Fu chop this person.
04:48
Or do I need to run away.
04:50
Or is this nothing.
04:51
Regardless of what the reaction
is going to be,
your system needs to be prime.
04:56
And emotion can
really help will that.
05:00
Let's take a look at modulating
individual behavior within
a social context.
05:05
Now you're at a party.
05:07
And you are sitting there.
05:10
And everybody is speaking
quite softly.
05:12
And if you all of sudden
start speaking very loudly.
05:16
And you are swearing a lot.
05:17
And you are moving
your hands a lot.
05:19
And this is a very
quiet, somber occasion.
05:22
People are going to look
at you a little bit funny.
05:24
And you might feel embarrassed.
05:25
Saying why is this
guy such a loud mouth.
05:28
What is wrong with him.
05:29
And why can't he just relax
and sit down and talk with
the rest of us.
05:32
Say you're at a library.
05:33
Every body's quiet,
doing their work.
05:35
And you're humming a song.
05:36
You are singing an AC/DC tune.
05:38
And people are looking at
you and giving the evil eye.
05:40
There all of sudden
you feeling embarrass.
05:43
And here's the example of how
that emotion is helping shape
your social conformity.
05:47
Or how are you fitting
in that societal context.
05:49
So here we're saying emotion
provides means for non-verbal
communication and empathy.
05:56
Empathy refers to you feeling
emotion when somebody is else is
expression emotion.
06:01
And usually done in
a non-verbal way.
06:04
So say for example, you are
walking down the street.
06:07
And you see an old man crossing
the street with a cane.
06:10
And he trips on a pothole.
06:12
And he falls on the ground.
06:13
And he is holding his
knees, "Oh my god!
I'm so hurt."
Oh my god!
And he's looking at you
and has tears in his eyes.
06:19
Now our normal human reaction
is to look at him and feel sorry
for him or feel empathy.
06:25
And we want to
assist and help him.
06:27
So there is an example of how
emotion expressed by the old man
on the ground bleeding,
looking at you,
saying I need help.
06:36
Through his eyes, through
the tears, you feel empathy.
06:39
And that emotion therefore allows
that communication to happen.
06:44
Another example might be when
your making daily life choices.
06:49
For example, you thinking
of your loving wife.
06:52
And she is told that you
repeatedly don't leave dirty
dishes in the sink.
06:57
But you're on your way to
study group for the MCAT exam.
07:01
And so have your
breakfast and your eggs.
07:04
And you throw them in the sink.
07:05
And you leave.
07:06
After a full day working
really hard on your MCAT exam.
07:09
You come home and you
go to hug your wife.
07:13
And she looks at you
and she gives you that look.
07:15
You know that look.
07:16
The death look.
07:18
And she's saying to you,
with her eyes,
"Why did you leave the dry egg
plate in the sink?"
And just with her eyes you
know pretty much you might get
stabbed in the face
with that fork.
07:30
And it's because of that
emotion that's she's conveying.
07:33
And that helps
frame the situation.
07:36
The situation usually means,
"I'm sorry."
"Let me take you out
for dinner."
Or you are in the sink
cleaning those dirty dishes.