00:01 How do we diagnose sickle cell anemia? Well genetic counselling is available for parents known to have sickle cell disease or trait. 00:09 Diagnosis of sickle cell anemia is also done as part of the routine newborn screening done in most states. 00:16 There are benefits to early diagnosis. 00:18 These patients can have prevention and relief of pain episodes. 00:22 You can try to prevent infections, organ damage and strokes. 00:27 You can try to treat anemia and control complications and these patients can be offered counselling, prophylaxis, increased immunizations and follow-up information regarding research. 00:40 Managing a patient with sickle cell disease is complex. 00:43 The patient may need the bed rest during an acute vaso-occlusive crisis and increased fluid therapy - this is key. 00:50 Yyour patient may need one and a half or two times their normal maintenance. 00:54 A blood transfusion of packed red cells can help in the setting of severe anemia and analgesics are used to relieve pain. 01:01 There should be a really low threshold in treating a patient with sickle cell anemia who has an infection. 01:07 Antibiotics are usually started early as the patient's immune system is already compromised. 01:13 A splenectomy is the surgical removal of the spleen and this is done in order to prevent recurrence of certain complications. 01:19 Your patient may need supplemental oxygen and this oxygen is gonna be administered because remember the red blood cells already have dysfunctional hemoglobin and this makes a decreased oxygen carrying capacity. 01:30 Supplemental oxygen can help manage the hypoxia and crisis symptoms. 01:36 To help prevent a crisis, patients are gonna want to try to avoid infections. 01:41 They're also going to want to decrease their exposure to cold because of the vasoactivity that happens. 01:47 Same thing goes with stress. 01:50 Patients are gonna want to be non smokers and they want to avoid becoming dehydrated. 01:56 You'll have a really low threshold for rehydrating a patient with sickle cell disease. 02:01 A patients with sickle cell disease can go into a crisis in a hypoxic environment so they're gonna avoid going to high altitude areas or maybe climbing tall mountains. 02:12 Patients with sickle cell anemia can also prevent a crisis by taking prophylactic antibiotics. 02:17 All children's sickle cell disease you should take a penicillin twice a day until at least age 5 to prevent pneumococcal sepsis. 02:25 You want to be sure your patients with sickle cell disease are up-to-date on their vaccinations and this decreases the likelihood that they'll get these vaccine-preventable diseases including influenza and pneumococcal. 02:36 Children with severe types of sickle cell disease should be offered primary stroke prevention with annual transcranial Doppler scans and blood transfusions when resources allow. 02:47 Hydroxyurea is a medication, it's a myelosuppressive agent that's the only effective drug proven to reduce the frequency of painful episodes. 02:55 It raises the hemoglobin level and decreases the rate of painful episodes by about 50% Education is key in preventing a crisis as this is a lifelong chronic disorder.
The lecture Sickle Cell Anemia: Diagnosis and Management (Pediatric Nursing) by Paula Ruedebusch is from the course Blood Disorders – Pediatric Nursing.
What are recommendations to avoid a sickle cell crisis? Select all that apply.
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