00:00 Hi. 00:01 Welcome to our video series. 00:03 Now, I'm going to talk about high blood pressure in this one. 00:06 The risk factors for it and the non-pharmacological treatment. 00:09 I'm going to give you a challenge though, before we start. 00:12 Don't tune out. 00:14 You may think you already know everything there is to know about high blood pressure. 00:18 But I really want to encourage you, this is one area, you can make a huge impact for your patients. 00:25 So the more you know about it, and how to talk to a patient about it, you really have the opportunity to make a difference. 00:33 And isn't that why all of us went into nursing? So come with me, hang out, and let's learn a little bit more about high blood pressure and how you can be a more effective communicator with your patients. 00:45 I know. 00:46 So I started out with a chart, right? It's okay. 00:49 These are numbers that you need to know because look at normal, this is now the new normal. 00:56 In order to be considered a normal blood pressure not prehypertensive or heading on your way, needs to be less than 120 systolic and less than 80 diastolic. 01:08 Okay, that's different than it's been before. 01:10 So you might need to reset or redefine how you look at blood pressure. 01:15 So make sure you've got that one down. 01:17 Now as you see, we move on down through the chart. 01:20 120 to 129. That's elevated. 01:23 You see what we define is High blood pressure stage one, High blood pressure stage two, and then you're in a hypertensive crisis. 01:33 So most important numbers is to know normal and hypertensive crisis. 01:38 So start with those and make sure you have the bookends of knowing what we evaluate as hypertensive crisis and normal. 01:47 Then make sure you go back and fill in the extra numbers just to have a frame of reference. 01:51 But no, this is a big change. 01:53 So a lot of patients that you may meet may think, "Oh no, I'm fine because I'm less than 140." They're not anymore. 01:59 We found with research that you have increased risks at 120 and above, which is why that number has been adjusted. 02:06 Now in healthcare, it's never enough just to have one word. 02:09 We always have to add other words to it. 02:12 In this case, primary hypertension is also known as essential hypertension. 02:18 That's just a fancy way of saying, "We're not exactly sure what the identifiable cause is of your high blood pressure." Now, this tends to develop gradually over a period of time. 02:28 Some people will tell you, "I can tell when my blood pressure's elevated." Not usually. 02:34 That's why it's called "the silent killer." So it's important that we monitor and check patient's blood pressure at regular intervals, even if they don't have a history of hypertension. 02:46 Now, secondary hypertension, besides having different words, a way to remember it's kind of like secondary, it's second to something. 02:55 So it's caused by an underlying condition. 02:57 Tends to appear more suddenly than primary. 03:00 It also causes higher blood pressure than does primary hypertension. 03:05 So there's various conditions and medications that can lead to secondary hypertension. 03:10 Let's just leave it there for now. 03:13 Primary not exactly sure what the identifiable causes. 03:17 Secondary, we know what it is. 03:20 Pressures tend to be higher common more suddenly. 03:23 And we know what we can probably attribute it to. 03:26 So here's some examples for you just to kind of file away. 03:29 Did you realize that obstructive sleep apnea is a cause of secondary hypertension? Yeah, so dealing with their snoring is not the worst problem. 03:39 Which if you've ever spent the night at someone's house who has obstructive sleep apnea, it is disturbing. 03:46 So not only the respiratory problems, it can also cause hypertension for your patient. 03:52 Kidney problems. 03:53 Man, the kidneys are super important in the controlling of your blood pressure. 03:57 So the patients having renal problems are probably likely having hypertension problems. 04:02 You've got an adrenal gland tumor. 04:04 Remember, the adrenal medulla puts out the norepinephrine, epinephrine. 04:07 So we've got a tumor, things are going crazy. 04:09 That's why you have elevated blood pressure and thyroid problems. 04:14 I know we all wish we had a little bit of extra thyroid, but really, thyroid problems can cause problems with blood pressure. 04:21 Now there can be people with certain defects that you're born with. 04:24 They call those congenital. They came with you. 04:27 So you might have some congenital defects in the blood vessels. 04:29 There's medications like birth control pills, cold remedies, decongestants is a big one. 04:36 There's also some over the counter pain relievers and some prescription drugs that can be problematic. 04:40 Let me go back up to decongestants. 04:43 If you already have a propensity to have a little bit higher blood pressure, decongestants are out. 04:50 Unless they're specific for cardiac patients, keep that in mind, because those can raise your blood pressure. 04:58 Now lastly, I hope this isn't a a group that you have experience with, but cocaine and amphetamines can also cause hypertension. 05:06 Fact a worst case scenario for a cocaine overdose is, boom, cardiovascular. 05:12 And we say like the heart just blew up. 05:14 That's a little dramatic but its really, really hard on the cardiovascular system.
The lecture Primary and Secondary Hypertension (Nursing) by Rhonda Lawes is from the course Hypertension (Nursing).
What is a normal blood pressure?
What is primary hypertension?
What is a potential complication of obstructive sleep apnea?
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