Gastritis, PUD, and GERD: Presentations (Nursing)

00:01 Hello.

00:08 In this portion of the video series, we gonna be exploring the pharmacology of gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastroesophageal reflux disease, or you probably know it as GERD. Our previous video was a recap of the anatomy and physiology of the stomach.

00:18 In that video, we discussed the incredible journey our food takes through the gastrointestinal system, beginning at the mouth and ending at the anus.

00:26 We also highlighted the important roles of the parietal cells, the goblet cells, and the chief cells in the stomach's functions.

00:33 If you haven't watched that video yet, I highly recommend you check it out first, as it kind of lay down the foundation for understanding the pharmacology of gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and GERD.

00:46 Now, here is a tip about how to get the most out of this material.

00:48 I don't want you to forget, it's a great idea to keep a notebook nearby to write down notes while you watch our videos. So if you don’t have one, go grab your notebook and let's get started! So, let’s first begin with a definition for gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and GERD: Gastritis is the inflammation of the stomach lining.

01:06 Now, this can be caused by multiple things, like excessive alcohol consumption, stress, or even infection with Helicobacter pylori bacteria, which is actually the most common cause. Now, here we have it illustrated with blades so you can remember that its name is very similar to the word helicopter.

01:24 Now, with that said, gastritis can also result from the long-term use of drugs like nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) .

01:34 We often see that called ibuprofen. So think of consumption, stress, Helicobacter pylori infections, and NSAIDS irritating the stomach, and then this leads to inflammation.

01:46 Now, this inflammation of the lining of the stomach produces a really dull and burning ache in the client’s belly.

01:53 It can also produce nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and belching or bloating.

01:59 Now all of this happens because when you have gastritis, the stomach’s contractions become weaker or slower and this leads to the food staying in the stomach for longer than it should. So what do you guys think may happen if we experience gastritis for a long period of time? That’s right, we might develop the next disease on our list: peptic ulcer disease. Peptic ulcers are open sores on the stomach or duodenum lining, usually, these are resulting from chronic gastritis, H.

02:30 pylori infection, or long-term NSAID use.

02:34 Now, while gastritis and peptic ulcer disease may both cause nausea, loss of appetite, and vomiting, one key difference between these two conditions that can aid in reaching the correct diagnosis is the nature of the abdominal pain.

02:47 The pain associated with peptic ulcer disease is typically more localized and it may worsen or improve with eating.

02:54 With duodenal ulcers, they improve after meals, while the pain associated with gastric ulcers generally intensifies after meals.

03:03 Now, gastritis pain, on the other hand, is often described as a more generalized discomfort in the upper abdomen.

03:09 So there you have it, a quick tip on how to differentiate between those two.

03:14 The last condition on our list is GERD.

03:17 GERD occurs when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing an irritation and an inflammation. Something important that you need to write down about this disease is that it usually occurs due to the weakening of the lower esophageal sphincter.

03:31 Remember that the esophageal sphincter is that ring-like muscle located at the bottom of your esophagus that, when you eat or drink, it opens up to let the food and liquids pass from your esophagus into your stomach.

03:44 Then, after the food has entered the stomach, the esophageal sphincter closes to prevent stomach contents, including stomach acid, to flow back into the esophagus.

03:54 So if this sphincter is weakened, the gastric acid flows back into the esophagus, causing damage to it. This can lead to heartburn, chest pain, and difficulty swallowing.

04:05 So from these symptoms, frequent heartburn is often the key factor that primarily distinguishes GERD from the other two conditions, gastritis, and peptic ulcer disease. Because unlike in GERD, gastritis and peptic ulcer disease do not typically present with frequent heartburn.