00:01
So, in a nutshell, let's wrap up the
Beta-lactam antibiotics.
00:07
Beta-lactam antibiotics have
a beta-lactam ring.
00:10
That's why we call it that because the beta-
lactam ring in their chemical structure
is included in penicillin, cephalosporins,
monobactams, and carbapenems;
those 4 groups of antibiotics.
00:23
Penicillin's been around a long time.
00:25
It's not as long as sulfonamides,
but it has been around since the 1940s.
00:30
Now, beta-lactamases are the energy,
the arch enemy of penicillins, and
can inactivate that drug.
00:38
So, when a beta-lactamase
inactivates the penicillin,
we won't be able to treat the infection.
00:44
That's why we use those winning
combinations we talked about.
00:48
Combining penicillin with clavulanic
acid, tazobactam, or sulbactam
allows the penicillin to overcome
the beta-lactamases.
00:55
Now, that's way cooler than you're probably
recognizing at this point in your study,
but that was a very, very cool discovery.
01:03
Now, how does that penicillin
work? Remember the P,
it penetrates the cell wall and
it weakens the cell wall,
which causes cell lysis and death.
01:13
Penicillin only hits the gram-
positive infections.
01:16
Remember, it is resistant to gram-negative
infections and the most common side effect
to penicillins is GI distress.
01:23
But remember, the most serious
possible adverse effect
is full blown anaphylaxis,
which puts your patient at risk
for severe respiratory distress.
01:35
That wraps up our talk of
Beta-lactam Antibiotics.
01:38
Thank you for watching this video.