00:01
In this part of this series,
we're gonna break down specifically
what the cells do?
Now, we have
a row of osteoblasts there.
00:08
We may work in a team,
which I think is pretty cool.
00:10
So the osteoblasts, they work
together in teams to build new bone.
00:15
You are constantly repairing
and building new bones,
even if you haven't had
damage to your bones.
00:22
Now, the osteoblasts
they produce new bone
and new bone is called osteoid.
00:28
Now, it's made up of
bone collagen and other protein,
which is why it's so important
to have a healthy diet.
00:34
You need to have that available,
so the osteoblasts
can build osteoid.
00:39
Remember, osteoid
we're still talking about bones,
but it's new bone and it's made
of collagen and other protein.
00:46
Now osteoblasts are
the ones that control
calcium and mineral deposition.
00:50
Why do we care?
Well, we care because the
calcium and the minerals, are what?
Makes your bones strong?
Think about what we know
about osteoporosis
That means osteo - bones,
porosis means kind of porous,
That's when we have an issue
where the bones are not as strong
as they used to be.
01:09
The body may be leaching
calcium from the bones,
they may not be taking off
enough bone of calcium matter.
01:16
So, it is really important that
you have appropriate levels
of calcium and minerals
deposited in the bone,
so it gets strong.
It can support someone's weight.
01:27
And it resists being fractured.
01:30
So, after the osteoid do their job,
this part is so cool to me.
01:33
They flatten.
01:34
It can looks like a
before and after picture,
doesn't it?
So, after the osteoblasts
have built and done what
they were supposed to do,
after they filled in a cavity
that was present, they flattened.
01:45
So you see there we have
the plump osteoblasts
and then the
flattened osteoblast.
01:51
Nothing is wasted in our bodies.
I think it's so incredible.
01:55
So, they look like that
when they're doing their job.
01:57
When they're done,
they become flat,
and then they line the
surface of the bone.
02:01
And now we call them lining cells.
02:03
So what was the
brand new bone tissue call?
Right, osteoid.
02:08
After they do their work,
now what do they call?
Yeah, lining cells.
02:13
I know not creative,
but it's pretty easy to remember
because it looks more
like a flatline
than the bumpy one next to it.
02:20
Now, which cells are
responsible for putting
calcium and minerals in bones
to make them strong?
Yeah, it's our friendly osteoblast.
Okay, good.
02:29
You're starting to get the hang
of how you study as you go.
02:33
And that you need to always pause,
recall, and think back and recall.
02:36
And I promise you your study life
is going to be a lot more fun.
02:40
Now, let's talk about
these lining cells.
02:42
These lining cells regulate
the passage of calcium
into and out of the bone.
02:47
And they respond to a hormone.
Alright.
02:50
So a hormone is this
chemical messenger
that has a very specific target,
and it tells the body
to do something.
02:59
Now, when the cells
respond to the hormone,
it tells them
to make special proteins
that activate osteoclasts.
03:08
Now, we'll talk in another
series about parathyroid hormone,
but that's what
we're talking about.
03:13
They made me heard me say
hormones in a funny way,
that's because I want it
to stick in your brain, what it is.
03:20
Hormones are chemical messengers.
03:23
They're all over our body.
They run our bodies.
03:26
And parathyroid hormone is
involved in this process.
03:30
It is one of these hormones
that will tell the osteoclasts
to activate.
03:36
And let me show you what happens
in the next part of our series.
03:42
Osteocytes are the brownish cells as
we've colored them inside the bones.
03:47
You see the difference.
03:48
Now, we have
the three types of cells on here.
03:51
Just for fun. Can you name
the other two types of cells?
Great, I hope you said
osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
04:01
Now, some osteoblast,
you see, you've got the arrows
coming down from them,
they turn into osteocytes
while the new bone is being formed,
and then it gets
surrounded by new bone.
04:12
So some of the osteoblasts
turn into osteocytes
when the new bone is being formed.
04:18
And osteocytes are always
kind of inside the bone.
04:24
Now, osteocytes send out
these long branches
that connect to other osteocytes.
04:29
So they're strong.
04:30
Look at that in between
each of the osteocyte cells,
we just kind of put that there
to remind you,
they put out these long branches
so they can connect together
and become very strong.
04:41
Osteoclast are cells
that dissolve the bone.
04:45
So osteoblasts
make the bones stronger,
osteoclast, dissolve the bone.
04:53
Now there's a good reason for that.
04:55
Sometimes it's just kind of a
cleaning and pruning service right
in your bones.
04:59
It needs to happen
if everything is in balance,
this is a good thing.
05:03
So an area that needs
to be strengthened.
05:05
The osteoclasts will come in,
dissolve that bone,
and then we can be rebuilt.
05:11
So let's talk about kind of what
these guys do these osteoclasts.
05:15
Now the osteoclasts
come from bone marrow.
05:18
Okay, so they're related
to the white blood cells.
05:21
Can you remember?
Is it the bone marrow
that's in the spongy cells?
Or the bone marrow
that's in the compact bone
that makes white cells?
Good. It's spongy bone.
05:35
So we've got this
macrophage, right?
See right there?
That's coming from our
white blood cell friends.
05:41
So osteoclasts
come from the bone marrow,
and they're related to
the white blood cells.
05:49
Let's start this section
off with a question.
05:52
Which specific bone cell
removes old bone?
Is it osteoblasts,
osteoclasts, or osteocytes?
It's osteoclasts. Good job.
06:08
Now, which specific bone cell
builds new bone?
Well,
you've kind of eliminated one.
06:13
So now you just have to pick
between the two.
06:16
Osteoblasts. That's correct.
06:20
Now, here's a study tip for you
to help you remember.
06:23
You see we have osteoclasts
and osteoblasts. Right?
They're both present on the screen.
06:30
But look at the osteoblasts.
That word itself has a B in it.
06:34
So think builder.
06:36
Now, in our picture you see,
you put a little
construction cap on it,
which I think is hilarious.
06:40
And those kinds of things
kind of stick in your brain,
but osteoblasts, our builders.
Osteoclasts, have a C in them.
06:50
So I remember them as cleaners.
06:52
They come in and
remove the old stuff
that needs to be cleaned out.
Right?
And so the osteoblasts
can build new bone.
07:01
So osteoblasts has a B that's
why they are builders, right?
Osteoclasts have a C, that's why
they are... Cleaners. Right?
Now you have to be careful about
how many things you try and
tricks to try to remember.
07:18
These types of things work
best in the beginning,
when you're trying to
keep everything straight.
07:23
If you use them enough,
you won't have to keep saying
osteoblasts or builders,
osteoclasts or cleaners,
because you've encoded
that in your brain,
so you can be successful
without having to do that.
07:35
But these kinds of tricks
are really helpful
when you're learning
brand new information,
and you're having a hard time
keeping it straight.