00:01
Now next, we're going to move
through the growth stages,
but discuss each physical,
cognitive, and psychosocial changes
that that particular age range
will experience.
00:13
And then we're going to talk about
the application of nursing.
00:16
So, let's start with
the stage of the infant.
00:19
This is about if you recall
a month to about a year old.
00:22
Now,
physical changes here,
we're going to see some
variation and some increases
in height and weight,
and some development of
fine and gross motor movements.
00:32
Now, cognitively,
the infant's going to start developing
that vision, hearing and touch,
and language,
and a little bit of
memory development.
00:41
Now, in the psychosocial stages,
if you recall,
there's going to be some separation
of self from others,
and also some
purposeful smiling.
00:50
Now, when we're
talking about nursing,
now, remember that
we want to promote trust
that very important
Erickson's initial stage.
00:58
We want to be
gentle and soothing,
minimize stressors,
and make sure we facilitate
bonding with that parents.
01:06
And just know
what the infancy stage
it's important to keep the
appearance
in the vision of the child,
and allow the mother
to interpret the infant's behavior.
01:17
Now, let's move on
to the toddler stage.
01:19
Physically, there's going to be
some development,
but some refinement of the
fine and gross motor movements.
01:25
Now, cognitively,
there's more memory and
language development here,
and in a psychosocial changes,
they're going to start
developing that
important sense of
autonomy and independence.
01:36
Now, here the interesting thing
about the toddler stage
is they engage
in more parallel play,
which really all
we're talking about
is really the toddler will just
play adjacent to each other,
but really independently.
01:49
They may be interested in maybe
what their peers doing,
but really
do they just play independently
alongside each other.
01:57
Now, when we're talking about
applying this to nursing,
it's important to hear
at this toddler stage,
we're supporting their
development
and giving them
undivided attention.
02:06
Now, even though it can be
a little bit frustrating,
make sure you do your best
to encourage autonomy,
and expect of course,
some frustrated,
some maybe
exaggerated responses,
and of course,
that resounding word of, "No".
02:20
But use kind and firm approach
in communication,
but give one direction at a time.
02:26
It's important here to be clear, and
be succinct with your directions.
02:31
Now, it's really important
to use play here
to prepare for
any sort of invasive procedure
to help ease
the stressors of the child.
02:39
And be cautious about
restricting any movement.
02:42
And again, don't forget,
parents are really important
to keep in sight
to minimize anxiety,
especially if you're going to do
any sort of procedure with a child.
02:53
Now, let's move into that
preschooler stage.
02:56
Now physically, really,
growth is ongoing here.
02:59
It's a little bit slower
than before,
but we're still increasing
that gross chart.
03:05
Development and refinement of that
fine gross motor movements
is continuing to develop.
03:10
And there's a lot of curiosity
going under on here.
03:14
In their understanding
is lead to previous experiences
that they've seen.
03:19
Now, increasing social interaction
and playing with others
is really important here.
03:24
So, they understand those
play norms and those expectations.
03:30
Now, applying this to nursing,
it's important again,
to allow for the exploration,
support their development,
but of course set firm limits.
03:39
Now, because of their
phallic stage here,
genitalia assessments,
that may actually produce
a large amount of anxiety.
03:45
So make sure,
you have their parents close.
03:48
Now,
if they must leave,
make sure you let the child know
that they will indeed return.
03:55
Now, support fear
through acknowledgement,
and let them know,
it is okay to be scared
and talk through.
04:01
Use simple logic and reasoning
with a child.
04:06
Now, let's move into
the school aged child.
04:09
There's a lot of new stressors
that come along with this age.
04:12
But physically, there is some really
consistent growth
and definitely
improved coordination.
04:19
Now, with this
improved coordination,
there may be more involvement
in organized sports
or different
extracurricular activities,
for example.
04:27
And cognitively,
we're making leaps and bounds
and we learn a lot of new
school related skills,
such as reading,
math, and language here.
04:37
Now, at this particular age
of the school aged child,
there is a lot of
psychosocial changes to consider.
04:44
There's a lot of
peer relations and peer pressure
to be cognizant of
as a provider.
04:49
Now, the topic of
sexuality comes up.
04:52
And again,
there's a lot of stressors
that many of us are unaware
that this particular age
could be experiencing.
04:59
Now, it's important here
to allow participation in care
and provide appropriate
validation and praise.
05:06
Now, if we're talking about
a younger school aged child,
the use of play and games
is great to assess and educate.
05:14
However, know
that some children will say
that they do understand
even maybe they don't.
05:19
So make sure we assess
appropriately here.
05:22
It is important to allow,
to support for fear
and allow them
to verbalize any pain.
05:28
Of course, respect their privacy
as much as possible.
05:32
But here's the other thing,
is to encourage the child
to answer questions.
05:37
Many times
as the provider
we want to ask the parents
or the caregiver, for example,
for information.
05:42
But as you recall,
it's important to allow them
to participate in their care
and verbalize their feelings.