00:00 Okay, now. 00:03 Let's walk ourselves through how emotion and the autonomic nervous system have a relationship. 00:11 So we are going to abbreviate autonomic nervous system as ANS as hopefully coming up a lot throughout our lectures. 00:17 So what does the ANS do. 00:19 So the ANS controls involuntary responses. 00:22 And what I'm talking about here, is things that you are not actively thinking about. 00:27 So like the name implies, autonomic, one way to help you remember this for the MCAT exam, is autonomic sounds a lot like automatic. 00:35 And these are things sort of happening automatically. 00:38 These are things that you are not really thinking about doing it, they just happen. 00:41 You can almost say as a reflex. 00:42 So two main systems that we want to talk about is a sympathetic nervous system and then the parasympathetic nervous system. 00:49 The SNS and the PNS. 00:52 So let's walk through both. 00:53 The SNS is often referred to the flight or fight response. 00:58 I'm sure you've heard that before. 00:59 And we're going to get of what that means in a second. 01:03 It involves a brief intense, vigorous response. 01:06 So when I was saying a bear or a lion comes to attack you, the sweating. 01:10 The increase in blood pressure. 01:12 That increase heart rate. 01:13 All those activities, all those responses that you are seeing, those are mediated by this SNS, or sympathetic nervous system. 01:22 It also activates a specific set of glands which are very, very important called the Adrenal Glands to release something called Stress Hormone. 01:29 And this can include things like epinephrine and norepinephrine. 01:32 More commonly known as adrenaline or noradrenaline. 01:36 So you may have heard that analogy, or there is a flush of adrenaline in my blood and we're referring to here is this release of epinephrine and norepinephrine from these adrenal glands. 01:48 So when you are presented with that situation of a bear is attacking you or lion is coming to attack you. 01:56 Or let's relate something to your every day scenario. 01:58 You know, your wife confronts you. 02:00 You have two options there. 02:02 You can fight with your wife, or the lion or the bear. 02:06 Or you can turn around and run away. 02:08 And so evolutionary speaking this was a survival instinct. 02:12 And what they were trying to do in caveman days, well say, I'm being attacked by a saber-toothed tiger. 02:18 I can either fight the saber-toothed tiger with my stick and flint. 02:24 Or I can run back to my cave in order to survive. 02:27 So you really have two options. 02:29 Two broad bends. 02:30 I'm going to fight or I'm going to run away. 02:33 And this is something that happens almost instantaneously. 02:36 And so some individuals tend to almost always want to fight. 02:40 And some individuals might always run away. 02:43 So you might ask yourself right now, what are those scenarios that happened to you. 02:47 You probably know. 02:48 Am I one that's going to turn around and put up my fist and fight. 02:51 Or am I going to be the one that runs away. 02:53 Are they good options. 02:55 Whatever helps you to stay alive, right. 02:57 Now when this happens, the response that you get, the increase in blood pressure, heart rate and sweating, is almost instantaneous. 03:06 And that release that happens of those hormones, is also very, very quick. 03:10 Now the other side is the peripheral nervous system. 03:15 And this is something that's a little bit slower. 03:16 And it's often referred to as the rest-and-digest response versus the fight or flight. 03:22 So we're thinking fight or flight, that's quick lot of action, versus rest-and-digest, slow like the name implies. 03:29 Rest-and-digest. 03:30 So what are we talking about here. 03:31 This is a situation where your body is saying it's time to calm down. 03:36 Take it easy to rest. 03:38 Now the reason there is saying, the reason we are saying rest-and-digest, because we are referring to, the body saying, "I need to activate certain systems that allow me to conserve my energy and increase the process of digestion. 03:52 So think of Thanksgiving or Christmas or big meal that you have. 03:57 I went to mama's house because she is so happy that you did so well in the MCAT exam. 04:01 And she made you your favorite. 04:02 And you are sitting there and eating your big bowl of your favorite. 04:06 And what do you do right after that. 04:07 You undo your pants and you lie down on the sofa and you say, "Oh, mama, you outdid yourself this time," right. 04:12 And you tend to kind of calm down. 04:15 May be dose off. 04:16 You rub your belly and you say what a day. 04:18 Now what's happening there is you are actually activating the parasympathetic nervous system and you are activating that rest-and-digest response. 04:25 And we are telling the internal organs that we're safe. 04:29 There's nothing of danger around us. 04:31 And we can use this time to help conserve our energy. 04:36 Digest this food and actually repair body tissues. 04:39 Now back to my caveman example. 04:41 When the caveman is confronted with this, saber-toothed tiger, it has to fight or run away. 04:49 At that point the body actually starts trimming off unnecessary responses. 04:54 Things like, it doesn't really need to digest food. 04:56 It doesn't really need to bring blood supply to the extremities. 05:01 It's more focused on increasing blood supply to the heart. 05:03 Because it needs it because your heart is pumping. 05:06 It needs more oxygen. 05:07 It needs to delivery more glucose or food to the parts of the body that they needs to either fight this tiger or run away. 05:15 Okay, so it actually does something where it increases your immune response or the ability to fight off and attack. 05:23 Now in this scenario rest-and-digest, the opposite is happening. 05:27 The tiger attack is complete. 05:29 You either run away to your cave or finish beating the tiger. 05:33 And now you're body needs to calm down. 05:37 It needs to conserve this energy. 05:39 And it needs to repair itself. 05:40 Because the tiger gave you a pretty good beating even though you won. 05:43 It still beats you up pretty good. 05:44 And it needs to repair yourself. 05:46 And so this what that happens. 05:48 And this is the system that mediates that. 05:50 The parasympathetic nervous system.
The lecture The Role of Biological Processes in Perceiving Emotion: Emotion and the Autonomic Nervous System – Emotion (PSY, BIO) by Tarry Ahuja, PhD is from the course Responding to the World.
Which of the following is unrelated to a function of the autonomic nervous system?
Which of the following is unrelated to a function of the parasympathetic nervous system?
Terry is at a job interview for a large company. Which hormone will be secreted by his autonomic nervous system?
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