00:01
"Mr. Bean was admitted after
collapsing at his job
working on a road construction
crew with extreme dehydration."
So let's take a look at that.
00:10
I know he is working at a
job construction crew.
00:13
He has extreme dehydration, so
I'm going to be worried about
what goes along with dehydration;
blood pressure, shock, so we're
worried about those things.
00:22
"His initial vital signs were temperature
39.0°Celsius, or 102.2°Fahrenheit."
Is that high, low, or normal?
Whoa, that's definitely high.
00:36
Next number, blood pressure, 82/48.
00:40
That's very low, right? Does that
line up with dehydration?
Yes, because he has less
intravascular volume,
we would expect that his blood
pressure would be low.
00:51
Heart rate, 121.
00:53
Okay, that's high.
00:56
Is that what we expect with dehydration?
Yes, because he has less
intravascular volume.
01:02
We know that his blood pressure will
be low, his heart rate will be high.
01:06
Respiratory rate, 21. Meh,
we're not that impressed with that, right?
That's right along the lines with normal.
01:13
So we know, so far,
Mr. Bean is dehydrated, his
vital signs are abnormal,
his temp is up, his blood pressure
is down, his heart rate is up.
01:22
So we're already thinking about hypovolemia.
01:26
Now, his initial lab work
showed the following:
white cell count of 5.9.
01:31
Okay, pause for just a minute. I want you
to work through the white cell count,
the red cell count, the hemoglobin,
and hematocrit without me.
01:40
See if you can answer high, low, or normal
for each one of those values.
01:50
Okay, do you have yours lined up?
Now let's take a look at the final question.
01:56
See, the last sentence of the question
is really going to give you an idea
of what we're looking for. It's the
last part to focus your brain.
02:03
"After receiving 4 liters of IV fluid,
which of the following changes would
you expect to see in his follow-up CBC?"
Okay, so I know he's dehydrated. He's
got abnormal vital signs.
02:16
I've looked at a CBC:
his white cells, his red cells, his hemoglobin,
his hematocrit, and his platelets.
02:22
What am I going to expect to
see in his follow up?
So you've written A, B, C, and D
down on your scratch paper.
02:31
Now, a white blood cell count of 11.2,
Well, what was it before?
It was 5.9.
02:39
So would I expect that when I give
somebody 4 liters of IV fluid,
their white cell count to shoot
up above normal?
No, so I can eliminate that one.
02:50
Now let's look at the red cell count.
02:53
Well, before, it was 5.9 and now it's 6.9.
02:57
Okay, would I expect a red
cell count to go up
after I give a dehydrated
patient 4 liters of fluid?
Yeah, no.
03:07
Okay, hematocrit of 46%.
Go back up to the stem.
03:11
The hematocrit was -- let me find it in there.
03:15
The hematocrit was 52%.
03:19
Would I expect the hematocrit to
go down after 4 liters of fluid?
Wait a minute. Something in my brain says --
Oh, that's right. Hematocrit is a percentage.
03:29
It's comparing it to the total volume.
03:32
So when they're dehydrated,
and then we rehydrate them,
I know that percentage is going to go down.
03:38
So I'm going to leave that one in.
03:40
Let me look at the platelets.
03:42
Would I expect the platelets to
go down after 4 liters of fluid?
No. Fluid shouldn't affect that.
So, I think it's number C.
03:51
So let me go back and take a
look at that. Does it make sense
that the hematocrit would drop?
Yeah, absolutely, because I've
already thought through that.
03:59
I know the patient was dehydrated.
04:01
Hematocrit is a percentage
of the total volume.
04:04
We've added more volume
to his intravascular space
because we added 4 liters of IV fluid.
04:11
That's correct. Mr. Bean is not bleeding
out. It's just his percentage.
04:15
The hematocrit will change because we
rehydrated him with a fair amount of IV fluid.
04:22
Okay, so, see what we did there.
04:23
First of all, we took a very long question,
broke it down piece by piece.
04:28
We looked at his diagnosis, which
was extreme dehydration.
04:31
We looked at all his assessment information,
asked if it was normal or abnormal,
or high or low.
04:37
And then we started looking
at the answer choices,
forced ourselves to eliminate each answer
choice to come up with the correct answer.
04:44
Last tip, remember the very last sentence.
04:49
"After getting 4 liters of IV fluid,
which of the following changes
would you expect to see?"
That will help you make sure you
have the meat of the question.