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Let's move on now and talk a little bit about ADHD, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.
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This is defined as at least six symptoms involving inattentiveness, hyperactivity,
or both that have persisted for at least a 6-month period. Inattention means problems listening,
concentrating, paying attention to details, organizing tasks, or being easily distracted or forgetful.
00:28
Hyperactivity and impulsivity requires blurting out or interrupting others, fidgeting,
leaving one's seat, or talking excessively. The onset is before age 7
and the behavior is inconsistent with the age of development. Now, let's take a look at ADHD,
conduct disorder, and oppositional defiant disorder. So two-thirds of children with ADHD
will actually also have either a conduct disorder or ODD. There's a 3-5% prevalence
in school-age children and it is far more common in boys to have ADHD than in girls.
01:06
There's also an increased incidence of personality disorders, mood disorders, conduct disorders,
and oppositional defiance. Most cases remit in adolescence but 20% of people will have symptoms
that persist well into adulthood. Also worth noting, there is an adult variant of ADHD.
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So what causes it? Well, there are genetic factors, maybe exposure to prenatal trauma or toxins,
neurochemical factors, neuropsychological, and psychosocial factors.
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The treatment again is multimodal, involving pharmacotherapy, often stimulants or antidepressants.
01:47
So when it comes to treating ADHD, there's a medication that was initially formed
as an antidepressant called atomoxetine which is actually now useful in the treatment of ADHD.
02:00
Similarly, buproprion a classic antidepressant is used for the treatment of ADHD
and then be on that stimulant medications such Ritalin and Adderall can be very helpful.
02:13
Psychotherapy can also be useful, parent counseling and group therapy.
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Never overlook the importance of encouraging the child or your patient
to organize their tasks better and be a little bit more aware of their surroundings
and develop organizational skills. This can go a long way in helping with their ADHD symptoms.