00:01
So if a patient meets these criteria
for attention deficit disorder
or attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder,
there are some things we can do to
help improve the circumstances.
00:12
The first is around behavioral
and family counselling.
00:16
It’s important to establish some key
goals for the family and the patient.
00:21
For example, we can work on helping
the family become more consistent
with their parenting.
00:27
Providing more positive reinforcement.
00:29
Reducing distractions such as television
watching or other things during tasks.
00:36
Likewise, we can work on
social skill modifications.
00:40
This can be done with help
from counsel or therapist.
00:44
And it’s important to intervene
with school as well.
00:47
Schools are used
to this problem.
00:50
Frequently, parents and
physicians may assist
with the development of an
individualized learning plan,
which can create a better environment
for that child in school.
01:01
Examples might be altering
the conditions of testing.
01:05
They may be recording or using
technology to record lessons
so that kids can later refer
to exactly what was going on.
01:13
It may be they can get
special instruction.
01:16
So we can alter the
educational environment too
to really improve the way that
child is doing in school.
01:25
Additionally, physicians go
through the decision process
of whether or not to
provide medications.
01:31
This is a somewhat controversial thing,
although stimulants are routinely
used in the United States.
01:38
It’s important though not
to just rely on stimulants,
but to address all aspects of care.
01:44
However, stimulants are commonly
used, so let’s go through it.
01:47
So stimulants are in fact the first line
therapy for attention deficit disorder.
01:53
We can use short or long-acting stimulants
depending on the behavioral pattern.
01:58
So for instance if a child mostly only has
troubles at certain times of the day,
a short-acting stimulant at a
certain time may be better
or if it’s a really
durational problem where
it happens both at school or
at home and it’s prolonged,
a long-acting stimulant
maybe your better choice.
02:16
There are also some non-stimulants
that may be beneficial to patients.
02:21
Atomexetine is one possibility.
02:24
However, these tend to be a
little bit less effective.
02:27
We usually employ them in cases
where stimulants would have a
substantial side effect profile
that would hurt the patient.
02:34
For example, a child with a bad
tic disorder or anxiety problem,
which is worsened by stimulants.
02:41
The side effects of atomexetine include
fatigue, somnolence or irritability.
02:47
Additionally, we can turn
to alpha-2 agonists.
02:50
Examples are Clonidine
or guanfacine.
02:54
These do not cause tic exacerbation and are
a little bit better for sleep disturbance.
02:59
But they do cause sedation, so
they might be a problem in school.
03:03
They also cause dry mouth.
03:05
We typically take these daily and
they shouldn’t be stopped abruptly.
03:10
They should be
gradually weaned off
if a decision is made to
discontinue this therapy.
03:16
So that’s my summary of attention
deficit disorder in children.
03:19
Thanks for your attention.