Cardiology: Foundations

Excelent teacher , Very well organizated , All the people that are complaining that he speaks too fast maybe they need to study " Faster" haha , Carlo raj is one of the best teacher in lecturio

Great explanations of ethiology, clinic and pathophysio is also explained!

Thank you for this lecture Dr Raj, it's now perfectly clear and I can't mistake anymore the different types of hyperlipoproteinemia thanks to you !

Good illustrations and diagrams. Short and simple explanation of difficult topics

Best of all I loved it Tnx lecturio I am surprised Once more thank you so much. Big love.

Good easy to digest and understand the outline and lecture

Very complicated topic that it's not explain with enough clarity

Its a good overview of cariovascularr pharmacology but it could be more detailed

He cares about teaching how to understand beyond the exams, and not just memorizing

Yes, he's a talker and somethings lose himself in the lecture. You have to be focus in every single word for understand him and you still will be lost sometimes. But it's good and brings to you a great learn

He takes a little bit to get used to however once you do you will pick up the concepts quickly.

Dr. Raj teaches cardiology so well, I'm actually enjoying it. Concepts are repeated and tied together so nicely with clinical presentation and physiology. Thank you!

Explains the different types of drugs and mechanism of action staight to the point, the lecturer is a very good physician. But the guidlines differ from country to country, besides some information is contradictory and missing. Like he did not mention Labetalol as alpha and beta antagonist, he explains that the first drug of choice is ARBs in isolated systemic hypertension while in some previous quiz the answer was diuretics.

I gave 5 starts to this lecture because it covered almost everything I had on my tests and practial daily routine. Thank you!

JUST CAN NOT UNDERSTAND AT ALL!! NOT EXPLAIN THE CONCEPT CLEARLY!!

You guys are really good, believe me.you are doing a great job.May God bless you.

Precisely the info i need for my exam. Excellent review and references

The professor has enough knowledge and explained fantastic. He stresses on important matters.

It's always useful to see a good review of hard subjects like this.

Dr. Raj put all small pieces together in his lecture. His lectures are very detailed and he is not boring to listen. Thank you very much.

I like that this lectore repeats the main information so I know what is neccessary to know

I am studying for step one and I can honestly say, you have to be at a higher intellectual level to appreciate the teaching style of Dr. Raj. if one focus and pay attention to his content, one will surley pass step 1. remember the boards are not organized notes, its absolute integration. what dr raj does is golden

Great integrated overview of HTN for step one. clearly explained

This professor is the best on lecturio yet. He makes you think not just memorize .

This topic from lecturio was absolutely lovely, this saving my life....Thank you so much Lecturio

Excellent instructor! I appreciate how he emphasizes the visual aspect to help solidify the material for keeps! Also sometimes when I am listening while laying down in bed, he says, "pay attention!" Those little cues keep me on my toes. Lastly, Dr. Raj is helping me become a good clinician as I improved my though process in management skills. Thank you!

I am not far enough into it yet to be able to comment properly. So far, though, very good. The articles supplement the talks very well.

I’m so glad there are lectures like him. Challenges you, keeps you engaged and wanting to learn more.

Dr Raj explains it really well and he has great humor

LOL. That was a hilarious presentation of a serious topic. I enjoyed it a lot.

The lectures are precise and clear and very helpful filling in some of the gaps in my course.

too many information that is too advanced slides were read not explained

the doctor really simplified the whole thing...i'll find this much easier to remember

It is different that Lecturio lectures do not use pointers. Only the Anatomy professor uses his pointer consistently. However, having the superficial knowledge gained by other review courses and coming here to listen to Dr. Raj Integrate and bring home high yield concepts along with asking and answering the why makes my subscription to Lecturio worth it.

I am so happy Dr Raj did tis with Lecturio, he goes over everything and answers the why. He makes the lectures very in-depth and relatable to step 1. After listening to him I don't have to seek any other resource to solidify my step one concept. Totally wish the Anatomy, physiology, Biochem lectures would go more inept and integrated for step 1 students like Dr Raj does.

The lectures provide the required information in suitable portions with good explanations. I can always pause the presentations to look deeper into selected aspects. The quizzes supplement the lectures nicely as do the articles.

The principal shortcoming is that the questions sometimes don't align with the lectures. That is, there are questions that are not covered in the corresponding lecture.

Amazing explanation by Dr Pravin, it was very helpful for me during my Exams

linking the dots for you between normal physiology and pathology. Great!

Why is everything all over the place, Im not trying to have a conversation, jumping from place to place just makes me confused. Im not against joking in between but keep it in between. Im not having a monologue here, Im trying to understand and remember a concept that I dont know, Im not discussing something I already know. You cant deliever symptoms like a story, they need to be seperated so it gets organized in my head. Need structure.

This was a good lecture- high yield, well explained & well structured

please speak slowly otherwise, your way of teaching is good. Thank you.

This course was great overall. Dr. Raj is very passionate when he teaches.

Jumping important steps of the explanation. He have the ability to transform something simple in to something hard to understand.

Very nice course, I learnt a lot about how these meds works. Dr have a good and easy way to explain it

This lecturer no matter what lecture he's doing is always a little all over the place- it's hard to follow alot of the times. The whole point of paying for lecturio is to get high yield information understood - not to end up more confused. What's more frustrating is this particular lecturer has done alot of lectures on so many topics...

I am a retired Ph.D. chemist with limited training in the life sciences. I have been studying the life sciences diligently during the last eight years and recently included Lecturio as part of my curriculum. The valvular heart disease section provides an excellent introduction to this subject. To my delight, I find that I am able to answer most of the questions correctly after listening to the lectures, even before reading the articles (which I do diligently, usually more than once).

he makes me reason first and memorize later, so it's much easier

thank you so mush it was helpful .thank you so mush it was helpful

thank you so mush it was helpful00 thank you so mush it was helpful

thank you so mush it was helpful thank you so mush it was helpful

He speaks very, very fast and uncoherent. However what he is saying is gold so you get alot of information in a short amount of time. Just make sure you note like a madman and you will be fine.

Ut is so helpful especially for my studies. I give you guys 5 star.

i like it so much . thank you i like it so much . thank you i like it so much . thank you

excellent review! I finally understood. All these concepts are difficult for FNP students. I think Dr. Raj made it easy to understand, to follow and it was humorous. Thank you

Great explanation of the topics, and sometimes funny, I don't get bored with this presentation.

its distracting to try and understand the words he is saying bc of how he is saying them. dislike

OMG wonderfully explained .He is one among few who gives us confidence that we would remember things till exam.

One of the best teachers i have come across. He makes the lecture so interesting and the voice modulation prevents us from getting distracted......Awesome teacher.

Best pathology lectures ever. Dr. Raj is amazing. He makes pathology easy and enjoyable.

He cannot follow through with one explanation!.... He jumps from one concept to another :@

You have to read the content, watch the videos and answer the questions. Dr Raj is a great lecturer

Great content, the useful facts are well explained! Dr Raj is a great professor.

I loved the questions attached with this lecture, very appropriate and I feel more confident in this area now.

Great lecturer, at first I didn’t understand him, but all his questions to us and explanation is superior. His humor also???? I love it

Please, remove these videos. Hate the "are you gettin' it" ..."welcome to ...."... "do you remember". Looks like a monologue. Really, I think that I wasted my money. I'll try watching another videos. But I can't deal with this guy. No mental-order at all when talkink.

Too fast-talking. No explanation at all, just shooting questions to the sky.

Great explanation, simple but effective. I just watch videos in hypertension in cardiology playlist. When the quiz pop up, I answer them all ????% correctly. What does that mean? The explanation in the video is easy to remember. Really, if I have money, I wanna subscribe for 1 year and watch all the video. Thank you for the great lecture, Lecturio. From Indonesia

un clear speaking and super facial tones. please use more clear speak

Very good! Helpful for repetition and revising the learned material! would love to see a pointer or a laser used in all of the lectures- it would make following along much easier. Thanks, Dr. Raj, great videos!

i really love how Dr Raj presented the lecture and i really love it so much especially how he explained the Atherosclerosis. And some times i love his jovial style it brings my nerves down. thanks for this wonderful lectures. love every bit of it

It is really hard to follow. I can't understand what the different curves mean. It is never clear enough. I wish the lecturer had been more clear about what he was talking about.

Dr Raj has an extraordinary command of medical knowledge and a fantastic way of explaining it. I love this course, which great for both medical students and practicing physicians who want to rebuild forgotten foundations.

Making great explanations so you actually understand and don't have to memorize

one of the best lecturer that i have seen. thank you very much,the way he is doing easy to remember all the facts.

one of the best lecturer that i have seen. thank you very much,the way he is doing easy to remember all the facts.

one of the best lecturer that i have seen. thank you very much,the way he is doing easy to remember all the facts.

one of the best lecturer that i have seen. thank you very much,the way he is doing easy to remember all the facts.

one of the best lecturer that i have seen. thank you very much,the way he is doing easy to remember all the facts.

one of the best lecturer that i have seen. thank you very much,the way he is doing easy to remember all the facts.

efficient any very effective.its giving me easy memorizing the relevant facts. highly recommend .

Really good information and well explained with good sense of humor.It's not fair when people say bad thing about Dr Raj this man is so passionate about what is doing. Great teacher!!

He doesn't follow through his explications, he jumps from one explication to another, without finishing the idea. He is very messy with the order of his explication.

Good good good! He knows how to combine physiology - pharmacology - biochemistry, and pathology seriously and how to interact with the audience in a funny way. He focuses on complicated concepts and repeats them many times to help the process of memorization.

Comprehensive, but also highlighting the need to be absolutely certain about when immediate IV treatment is necessary

very clear explanation that will be very beneficial in our future career . Thank you dr carlo

you seem to skip over Ebsteins anomaly and it kinda seems like you're saying it's a side effect of lithium. it isn't. it's a CONGENITAL anomaly that presents in neonates whose mother took lithium during pregnancy.

Dr. Raj has a teaching style that makes the content just stick. I sometimes hear him in my head when doing a question, and actually said to a patient when explaining "welcome to Sjögren's Syndrome" once.

Very knowledgeable and soothing voice. Helps with remembering things more efficiently

love it i was able to remember the videos kept my attention

He is very good but for his accent. He made the topic very simple, Although the questions at the end does not reflect exam pattern of questions.

Excellent course, Im understanding hypercholesterolemia for first time in my life, and hearing all your videos Dr Carlo Raj

Lecturer jumps around, wastes time with unnecessary guff, doesn't explain the graph well at all. Incredibly frustrating.

Watching the entire series on CHF was incredibly helpful. Do not let the first lecture overwhelm you, I came to really enjoy his lectures.

Lecturer can't seem to deliver a coherent sentence, jumps around in his delivery. Did not make clear that in emergency situation reduction in BP should be no more than 25%.

Clear lectures delivered at a good pace, and the questions that test your clinical reasoning skills with the content are incredibly useful.

would be much more useful if he didn't rush and actually explained the mechanism of action. I'm much better off reading a textbook than watching this

uses too many abbreviations without explanation - for example, what the heck is EDV??

Not bad, it seems to jump around and rush a little bit. It would be good if CHF in general was properly defined and explained before etiologies were spoken about

One of the greatest lecturers I even had the pleasure of listening to. I love listening to this guy.

Great lecture. Absolutely the best for boards, Keep up the great work

Temarios muy importantes. Videos con explicasiones que ayuda mucho para aprender sobre el campi de la medicina.

Explica exactamente lo que es, me ha ayudado mucho para dar un exposicion del tema

If more stars are available to rate you professor Raj, and this course please let me know, so I can add some more, it is incredibly easy for me walking through the USMLE book by prior listening to your very clarifying lessons.

Amazing explanations each lecture! Thank you so much, Dr. Raj!

Professor thank you very much for such a great curse, I agree that it would be much better with cardiac sounds in real time during the explanation so our ears get accustomed to them, also the explanation should be included during the questioning section at the end of the video just like in previous lectures.

Muy buena clase, es muy conciso y para nada aburrido, las actualizaciones deberian ser del medico.

One of the best Lecturers on lecturio hands down. Defined one of the best explanations I’ve gotten on this topic

nice job! I also learn new knowledge from the profound and comprehensive lecture.

This doctor is always demeaning. He clearly demonstrates why instructors should learn to say phrases like "Some students" or "often times students will confuse..." It is significantly less demeaning than "You". Also, he ASSUMES we are thinking wrong "Why in the world would you?", "Don't do that!" , or "Let it go!" I never had it, so why would I let it go??? He needs to eliminate all these comments about how he thinks we are thinking and just communicate the information. It is hard to concentrate on the pathophysiology when he is constantly projecting negativity. Learning is supposed to be a positive experience, not a negative one.

I really found the teaching methods used here beneficial. He'd go through the pathway and emphasizing key steps, then point out where they'll be important down the line, then come back to continue the pathway. The repetition helped so that when he taught the disease I knew why it was resulting in that outcome. Really a fan of it. Also, keep the memory cues coming.

Simple way to understand the RAAS system and the meds associated with it.

Much good information that will help you in your clinical practice and your board perfect combination

explica demasiado rapido y no señala las graficas para poder entender de que habla.

Excellent explanation by dr carlo raj. I have completely understand the topic. Thanks so much to carlo raj

It’s conceptual and easy to understand & just love the way dr carlo raj sir teach. Thanks

points out the important points and links with other knowledge

Reccomend it it s very helpful i joyed warching it thank you very much

good summary for HTN, BUT I found a big difference with NHS guidelines for treatment of HTN Here you mentioned that thiazides are the first choice but there ACEIs or CCB is the first and best choice to start treatment of HTN

Concise and very high yield. I love the clinical illustrations provided.

this is an amazing way of putting things together, thank you so much for the nice presentation.

Good for refreshing ,anybody can review it once because , it quick and easy explanation .

Nice one but it would have been better explaining more how why . That should have been better. Like 1st sound . Why how

I love Dr. Raj's way of presenting. Very engaging, intuitive in presenting the concepts and always amusing! Highly useful :)

for those who preparing for exam its will be helpfull

its helpful and his presentation is quite good,but why physiology, Biochemistry, preclinical subjects are not up to the mark.please reset a new subscription option,like preclinical, clinical etc.otherwise i have to say bye.

very good lecture, concise and high yield. very helpful for the boards

I liked it a lot, because the teacher explained one by one from the basic concept. Hence, I felt I could learn all the knowledge on the pathology and physiology at the same time.

I am using free version and trying to see how good the videos are. So far all the videos hv been so clear and understandable including this video. Thanks lecturio for your great work.

fantastic teaching method, love the practical examples and slight humor, wakes you up.

I would like lectures with more informations suitable for post graduate study

I think is a great review because it goes right to the point. Short videos witch make it really easy to sit down and just listen to Dr. Raj. Will recommend to all my medical friends.

I learn so fast and easy all the most know arrhythmias with Dr Raj. He is fun, knows how to teach, blue print materials, great pics and graphs. I never learned that well my dysrrhythmias before my lectures with Dr Raj. Bravo Dr Raj! My grades are improving big time. I wish I had you as a teacher before. Than you so much Lecturio and Dr Raj!

This is the first time that I have a lecture with Dr Raj. Definitely recommend! He is very methodic and fun which makes it easy to understand and retain for your test. Also I love the quizzes in between the lectures that help you to reinforce the material so well. Excellent job Dr Raj! Thank you so much.

Love Dr. Raj, he is my favorite. His lectures are a great mixture of information and questions

Dr. Raj is the best! He is funny and he makes arrythmias ridiculously simple. I recommend his lectures for everyone!

Very good lecture about the MI chronology. The Professor explains very well what we can read in "First Aid".

Lecture well explained and illustrated...makes a big difference in being able to follow and understand...so appreciated!

I like the method of teaching of Dr Raj Learned alot

I am a Pharmacist and preparing for my exams in US. I have really find this app useful and lectures are easy comprehensive and in best way. Thanks for arranging best professors.

Always inciteful with the eminent Dr Carlo Raj. It brought very much understanding of the topic

Thank you Dr. Raj! I have a much better understanding of valvular pathologies.

very nice lecture and good tips. i should follow you earlier

Good and clear and Quick presentation. After d’avancement on futur vidéos i can beter express

Difficult to follow because of not using pointers(instead of fingers) during explanation of the graphs.There are no numbers of pressure and volume values.I hope you will pay more attention for the graphs and marking or demonstration using some kind of pointing like pointer or change in color during explanation the relevant part of the graph.

Excellent explanation with good connection between norma and pathophysiology.Would you please show us the same lecture with real audio sounds from normal people and patients then demonstrate these maneuvers with this amazing explanation?

Highly recommend this lecture to anyone studying cholesterol synthesis (biochem/pharm/patho/etc).

Wonderful Lecture He has delivered. All contents are good Very useful affert,

Honestly, it is a godsend. The videos are clear, concise and fun! Dr. Raj is passionate and amazing! Also I watched many others videoes and all are fantastic! I wish I got to know about this earlier, it would have helped me immensely. It has lectures from MCAT to USMLE 2 so all the courses are covered, never again I'll be stuck with not understanding and never again will reading the book become so time-consuming. The bookmatching aplication that it has is genius and also just makes my life much easier. I am using this program for my PANCE and it facilitates my learning to be more effective! Thank you all so much for putting this together! Highly recommended.

The most SUPER !!AWESOME!!AMAZING!!STUNNING lecture that I have seen in my whole life as a medical student. DR Carlo Raj has passion and intellectual ability to deliver His lectures in a manner that I have never witnessed before with any other lecturers. combining all the important physio points with path.I wish i could explain how happy I was jumping in my room after this lecture. Amazing! you are always my my hero Dr. Carlo. How I wish one day I could just have a handshake with you. May Allah bless , you and your family AMEEN!!. I would recommend this to all the international medical students preparing for the USMLE exam.

easy grasp, well laid out and proper delivery for passing the step 2ck exams.

Very much appreciate his teaching style, but does stray some at times.

Very good. I believe it is the only way to learn, through massive repetition.

I like this video becaus of concise explanation on etiology, patho and Treatment

-There was alot of jumping ahead and then circling back to the same point which made what should have been a 19 minute lecture, took about an hours lecture with all the pausing, going through transcripts and even looking up certain references myself to complete this lecture. The whole point of lecturio is high yield learning in a timely fashion. I appreciate the effort done and liked his style of teaching enthusiasm, however there needs to be less going off on tangents before the point has been made.

The simplified approach has made learning and understanding so easy....He is such a great teacher with a deep understanding of his subject area....

I loved how you dissected the topic so clearly, making clear distinctions between the different classes of drugs, how they work, where they work, why we use them and who needs them. GREAT lecture.

Thank you for your commitment to medical education. I am sure that many medical professionals and students are benifiting in an enormous way from Lecturio!

Dr. Shukle is amazing. His lecture is so clear and "pin points" what we need to know. Thanks for your help !

It is summed up and easy to understand and becoase of this it is a great start to the arritmias study.

This course is near impossible to take for a European, as our curriculum is structured differently than in the US. Dr. Raj keeps referring to diseases that may have been covered in another video, and sometimes he just refers to them by acronym, not even a full name, so redundant are they. But for a European who hasn't had that part yet, using them as an example to explain a concept means we don't understand the concept at all.

Actually at the beginning,it was very hard for me to follow Dr. Raj and it was very distracting, but now I find pathology lectures as the highest yield ones.I should stay alert during the lecture otherwise I'd listen to it again and again to digest the amazing connections among various pathologies.

personality of teacher fun yet informative learned a lot. I think that was ten words.

The way you explain,I like it,thank you Dr Raaj

In general, great deal of high yield information with god connection to other pathologies or other specialities of the same pathology. The problem is that sometimes those connections are not going smooth but like jumps leading to distraction and may be difficult to follow.Using techniques like light pointer or shading ,.... could be helpful . Thanks a lot Lecturio.Thanks a lot dr Carol Raj

He explains everything in way that is so easy to remember for exam and general practice

Instructor is thorough and entertaining. The material is presented in a logical and straightforward manner, which is easy to comprehend and provides an excellent overview of the medical subjects needed to complete USMLE Step 2

Superb explanations in hypertension.very simple logic and scientific explanations

He is really good not forgetting his sense of humour makes the lecture more interesting. Wish to become a doctor like him near future. God bless Carlo Raj. Keshvinder Singh from Malaysia.

Dr. Raj is a bit abrasive in his style. I don't really like the way he acts like a drill Sargent. But the content is good

I can't get enough of this course. Too good it made the subject very clear to me.

great lecture. repearting important thing again and again. lecture looks like static but it is not. He actively ask something and waiting your thought to help you understand.

wow... physio, patho, clinically.. all comes together. It is worth...

Good attempt for explanation of such a wide and tough topic

very good.it is one of the best video of cardiology.

Everything is clearly explained by the lecturer. In case of student´s questions, the lecturer gives a detailed answer. Thank you!

Dr. Raj not only defines the concepts very well but I especially love the way he goes into details about what is happening with our patients, giving us real life examples to remember.

very clear, easy to understand, slides (pictures and tables) are very helpful to memorize the content

One of the best I have ever watched! I recommend it to understand better CVS.

Excellent video! I like how Dr Raj explains every detail. Perfect source to learn!

LOL That adenosine mental image will NEVER leave me ajajajajajaja

Dr,Raj you are awesome teaching skills better than my university professor,looking forward to see more of your videos. Regards, Raj Patel

The most logical, clinically/exam relevant, compact, yet complete information you are going to get for cardio pharm. He explains in a way that is relevant to the pathophys. Very grateful!

This guy grows on you. He keeps you engaged. Not many professors can do that! If you don't "get him" I would say you don't "get medicine" either cause he's the real deal.

Clear and concise. Dr Raj has an engaging and interactive method of lecture that helps make this topic much easier to understand.

I chose this rating because Dr Raj explains concepts on a level that I can understand and remember, I love the integration with physiology that he uses to explain pathology - absolutely great! Thank you Dr Raj!

He repeats stuff a lot (in a good and memorable way) which makes me remember and understand the lesson easily. Plus he has good sense of humor!

I use Goljan and Pathoma for pathology and my med school "assigns" reading from Robbins Pathology. All three are great resources for preclinical pathology courses and Goljan and Pathoma are the go-to's for every medical students prep for Step 1. Dr. Raj is not like his mentor Dr. Goljan. I have yet to see a true pathogenesis lecture or even see histological images of any of the heart diseases (he barely even has gross images of cardio pathology). He spends time covering management/treatment when he should be covering relevant preclinical pathology. I had high hopes from a guy whose mentor is Dr. Goljan. Hopefully his other pathology subjects are better.

Awesome class, thank you for all the learning. Hope to see more lectures from this!

Good pathofis; understanding the basics helps alot; its alot of info and trying to wire it in my head isnt easy; But it was a good explantion

very High yield points and clinically integrated , usmle step based lecture & concept making Thanks

This is a very good course with focus on the most important material. Furthermore he keeps drawing lines to other diseases and physiology giving a good understanding of the greater picture. Only thing I miss in this lecture is recordings of the different sounds you'll hear on auscultation instead of just mentioning what you'll hear. Great lecture

Dr Raj is the best teacher in the world, thank you sir!

Dr. Shunkle provides a great explanation of the RAAS. The lecture follows nicely along with my book and studies.

"Now once this patient is giving you such a history, what would you want to give that patient automatically? You give this patient something in which there is going to be relief from the chest pain. Correct? What does that mean to you? It means underneath the tongue anytime that there's chest pain, you place nitroglycerin correct? Sublingual." I'm sorry, and i really don't want to sound rude, but this is not how a professional teacher should speak. When i hear this i just get very confused, and i already have my teachertoconfuse me. Dr. Raj use this rethorical questions all the time and they're very annoying. What i like about lecturio's lessons is the fact that almost all the teachers use very easy sentences when they speak, and they use a lot schemes and pictures to be more clear.

Excellent Integration with Biochemistry that enables long term retention of what was learned in the first year of medical school.

The questions were a little easier than what is normally asked. Though the hyperlipidemia lecture was excellent.

Like it very much for education purpose very good.thanls for lecturio and the whole group for this

That was incredible! This just solidified everything from 2 weeks of cardio

Lecture is Great I would like to see more EKG 12 lead on step to read them Diana

You make pharmacology so much less intimidating and much easier to understand. Thanks!

Very concise & straight to the point I am glad I stumbled into this creative site.

It gets easier to understand hard topics with these videos

I am constantly looking for good videos on youtube that coincide with my med school curriculum. Now that I have Lecturio, I can access videos all in one place. I haven't found a comprehensive resource quite like this one. The lectures seem to follow my curriculum quite well and hit a lot of the same topics. This is great because it only reinforces what I need for success on exams and boards. I am still figuring out how to best use this resource. For now, I am watching the lectures that follow my class work at school! Thank you!

Nice I reviewed the Medications of Cardiovascular in Just 2 hours so that I can back to the text with great background with all these medications