Contingency Tables by David Spade, PhD

The lecture Contingency Tables by David Spade, PhD is from the course Statistics Part 1. It contains the following chapters:

What is a contingency table?

A contingency table describes the distribution of two categorical variables at the same time.
A contingency table describes the distribution of a categorical variable.
A contingency table describes the distribution of two quantitative variables at the same time.
A contingency table describes the distribution of a categorical variable over time.
A contingency table describes the distribution of a quantitative variable over time.

What statement below is correct about marginal distributions?

The marginal distribution of the column variable can be obtained by looking at the column totals of the table.
The marginal distribution of the row variable can be obtained by looking at the column totals of the table.
The marginal distribution of the column variable can be obtained by looking at the row totals of the table.
The table shows only what the distribution of one of the two variables looks like.
The table shows only what the distribution of one of the three variables looks like.

What is correct about conditional distribution?

We only talk about relative frequencies.
We only talk about absolute frequencies.
Here, we only pay attention to the observations that take the given value of the first variable.
Here, we cannot complete a check on our work by making sure that the percentages we came up with add up to 100%.
We consider the importance of both relative and absolute frequencies.

Which of the following statements is correct?

Two categorical variables are independent if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for all categories of the other variable.
Two categorical variables are dependent if the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for all categories of the other variable.
If two variables are dependent, we need to show that all of the conditional distributions are different.
The easiest way to determine dependence is to look at the conditional distribution of one variable for each category of the other variables.
If two variables are dependent, we need to show that all of the conditional distributions are opposite.

What is Simpson’s Paradox?

Simpson’s Paradox describes a situation when a trend appears for one group of data but disappears when groups of data are combined.
Simpson’s Paradox occurs when the data comes out in a way that you do not expect.
Simpson’s Paradox occurs when the marginal distributions of each of the two variables differ.
Simpson’s Paradox occurs when the conditional distribution of one variable given one value of the other differs from the conditional variable of one variable given another value of the second variable.
Simpson’s Paradox describes a trend that only appears when data are combined.

What is another term for a contingency table?

What is true about the marginal frequency of the category corresponding to the row?

Relative frequencies should add up to which of the following?

Percentages we come up with for conditional distributions must add up to which of the following?

How may Simpson's Paradox be present in a contingency table?

Simpson's Paradox may occur when the conditional relative frequencies within each variable differ from the overall results.
Simpson's Paradox may occur when the marginal relative frequencies within each variable differ from the overall results.
Simpson's Paradox may occur when the conditional relative frequencies within each variable are the same as the overall results.
Simpson's Paradox may occur when the absolute frequencies within each variable differ from the overall results.
Simpson's Paradox may occur when the absolute frequencies within each variable are the same as the overall results.